Temporal logics for nested words are a specification formalism for procedural programs, since they express requirements about matching calls and returns. We extend this formalism to multiply nested words, which are natural models of the computations of concurrent programs. We study both the satisfiability and the model-checking problems, when the multiply nested words are runs of multi-stack pu...

we study interior operators and interior structures in a fuzzy setting.we investigate systems of “almost open” fuzzy sets and the relationshipsto fuzzy interior operators and fuzzy interior systems.

We introduce a new hierarchy of higher-order nested pushdown trees generalising Alur et al.’s concept of nested pushdown trees. Nested pushdown trees are useful representations of control flows in the verification of programs with recursive calls of first-order functions. Higher-order nested pushdown trees are expansions of unfoldings of graphs generated by higher-order pushdown systems. Moreov...

Hierarchical organization of 'systems within systems' is an apparent characteristic of nature. For many biotic and abiotic systems it is known how the nested structural and functional order builds up, yet the general principle why matter evolves to hierarchies has remained unfamiliar to many. We clarify that increasingly larger integrated systems result from the quest to decrease free energy ac...

This article aims to explain the Nested Benders algorithm for the solution of large-scale stochastic programming problems in a way that is intelligible to someone coming to it for the first time. In doing so it gives an explanation of Benders decomposition and of its application to two-stage stochastic programming problems (also known in this context as the L-shaped method), then extends this t...

Effective institutions are key to the success of self-governing systems, yet specifying and maintaining them can be challenging, especially in large-scale, highly dynamic and competitive contexts. Political economist Elinor Ostrom has studied the conventional arrangements for sustainable natural resource management and derived from these eight design principles for self-governing institutions. ...

Abstract The present research introduces a new configuration of thin-walled nested tube structure as possible energy absorber subjected to lateral compression. nested-tube structures were configured in system comprising four tubes arranged different ways. All the systems quasi-statically compressed direction on universal mechanical tester obtain their absorption characteristics. Two modes defor...

Based on a recent characterization of nested canalyzing function (NCF), we obtain the formula of the sensitivity of any NCF. Hence we find that any sensitivity of NCF is between n+1 2 and n. Both lower and upper bounds are tight. We prove that the block sensitivity, hence the l-block sensitivity, is same to the sensitivity. It is well known that monotone function also has this property. We even...

We give a solution for the triangle intersection problem for nested Steiner triple systems, with three possible exceptions.