A subalgebra B of a Leibniz algebra L is called weak c-ideal if there subideal C such that L=B+C and B∩C⊆BL where BL the largest ideal contained in B. This analogous to concept weakly c-normal subgroup, which has been studied by number authors. We obtain some properties c-ideals use them give characterizations solvable supersolvable algebras generalizing previous results for Lie algebras. note ...

Introduction. L. Fuchs [2 ] has given for Noetherian rings a theory of the representation of an ideal as an intersection of primal ideals, the theory being in many ways analogous to the classical Noether theory. An ideal Q is primal if the elements not prime to Q form an ideal, necessarily prime, called the adjoint of Q. Primary ideals are necessarily primal, but not conversely. Analogous resul...

Let l and m be the ideals associated with Laver and Miller forcing, respectively. We show that add(l) < cov(l) and add(m) < cov(m) are consistent. We also show that both Laver and Miller forcing collapse the continuum to a cardinal ≤ h. Introduction and Notation In this paper we investigate the ideals connected with the classical tree forcings introduced by Laver [La] and Miller [Mi]. Laver for...

The GMRES and Arnoldi algorithms, which reduce to the CR and Lanczos algorithms in the symmetric case, both minimize p(A)b over polynomials p of degree n. The difference is that p is normalized at z 0 for GMRES and at z x for Arnoldi. Analogous "ideal GMRES" and "ideal Arnoldi" problems are obtained if one removes b from the discussion and minimizes p(/l)II instead. Investigation of these true ...

Cryptographic multilinear maps have many applications, such as multipartite key exchange and software obfuscation. However, the encodings of three current constructions are “noisy” and their multilinearity levels are fixed and bounded in advance. In this paper, we describe a candidate construction of ideal multilinear maps by using ideal lattices, which supports arbitrary multilinearity levels....

Cryptographic multilinear maps have many applications, such as multipartite key exchange and software obfuscation. However, the encodings of three current constructions are “noisy” and their multilinearity levels are fixed and bounded in advance. In this paper, we describe a candidate construction of ideal multilinear maps by using ideal lattices, which supports arbitrary multilinearity levels....

Let $L$ be a completely regular frame and $mathcal{R}L$ be the ‎ring of continuous real-valued functions on $L$‎. ‎We show that the‎ ‎lattice $Zid(mathcal{R}L)$ of $z$-ideals of $mathcal{R}L$ is a‎ ‎normal coherent Yosida frame‎, ‎which extends the corresponding $C(X)$‎ ‎result of Mart'{i}nez and Zenk‎. ‎This we do by exhibiting‎ ‎$Zid(mathcal{R}L)$ as a quotient of $Rad(mathcal{R}L)$‎, ‎the‎ ‎...

We consider the intuitionistic fuzzification of the concept of prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras, and investigate some of their properties. We show that if P is a prime ideal of commutative BCK-algebra X iff ∼ P = 〈XP , − XP 〉 is an intuitionistic fuzzy prime ideal of X. We also prove that An IFS A = 〈μA, λA〉 of commutative BCK-algebra X is an intuitionistic fuzzy prime ideal of X if and...

In this paper we consider Q the class of solvable Lie algebras L with the following property: if A is a subalgebra of L, then Φ(A) ⊆ Φ(L) (where Φ(L) denotes the Frattini subalgebra of L;that is Φ(L) is the intersection of all maximal subalgebras of L). The class Q is shown to contain all solvable Lie algebras whose derived algebra is nilpotent. Necessary conditions are found such that an ideal...