In this article, perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain (2-D FDFD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). For photonic crystal fibers, if we assume that the propagation constant along the propagation direction is fixed, three-dimensional hybrid guided modes can be calculated by us...

We present an experimentally-based failure criterion for symmetric two-ply plain-weave laminates of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic. The criterion is formulated in terms of six force and moment stress resultants and consists of a set of three inequalities, related to in-plane, bending, and combined in-plane and bending types of failure. All failure parameters in the criterion are measured direc...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate marked postural asymmetry and gross joint mobility in elite female volleyball athletes. Sixty-two Czech and Slovak elite female volleyball athletes (age 20.7±2.03 years, body mass 71.1±6.18 kg, body height 1.804±.0618 m, BMI 21.8±1.78) were examined by an experienced rehabilitation physician. The set of tests included the frontal posture gross examinatio...

One of the traditional methods used to improve fatigue properties metallic materials is shot peening. More recently, cavitation peening, in which surface treated using impact, has been developed, and improvements this makes life strength have reported. In order clarify difference between these two methods, stainless steel SUS316 L samples were by peening evaluated utilizing a displacement contr...

The aim of this paper was to describe a method of analysing the test data recorded during a Hopkinson Bar bending test. This three-point dynamic bending test was designed for testing the strength of materials under dynamic loads. It is carried out on a specimen consisting of a beam placed on two supports, which is subjected to an impact. The use of Hopkinson Bar as supports makes it possible to...

Low-temperature cracking is one of the most common road pavement distress types in Poland. While bitumen performance can be evaluated in detail using bending beam rheometer (BBR) or dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests, none of the normalized test methods gives a comprehensive representation of low-temperature performance of the asphalt mixtures. This article presents the Bending Beam Creep test...

In the present paper, the different techniques used for the determination of changes of surface stress of solid electrodes, as well as the kind and quality of information that can be achieved using these methods are discussed. The most important methods are briefly reviewed and advantages/drawbacks highlighted. Special attention is paid to issues related to the use of the “bending beam” (“bendi...

BACKGROUND Fixation of radial neck fractures can be achieved with a plate and screw construct or with two screws. This study evaluated the biomechanical properties of three different fixation methods following radial neck fractures. METHODS Twenty-four fourth-generation composite radii were sawed to simulate an unstable radial neck fracture. They were then instrumented with a plate and screw ...

In this paper, the data reduction equations for common delamination toughness tests are rederived for use with specimens which have bonded doublers. The common toughness tests considered here are the double cantilever beam (DCB) for mode I toughness; the end notch flexure (3ENF) and 4 point ENF (4ENF) for mode II toughness; and the mixed mode bending (MMB) test for testing under combined mode I...

BACKGROUND Surgery with pedicle screw instrumentation does not provide sufficient torsional stability. This leads to pseudoarthrosis, loosening of the pedicle screws, and, ultimately, implant failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Functional spinal units from 18 deer were evaluated using a 6-axis material testing machine. As specimen models, we prepared an intact model, a damaged model, a cross-rod mode...