Propagation of radio occultation (RO) signals through the lower troposphere results in high phase acceleration and low signal to noise ratio signal. The excess Doppler estimation accuracy in lower troposphere is very important in receiving RO signals which can be estimated by sliding window spectral analysis. To do this, various frequency estimation methods such as MUSIC and ESPRIT can be adopt...

spatial autocorrelation (sa) is the correlations of the observed data of an area in the form of spatial pattern. the criterion of sa phenomenon occurrence is when the distribution of one observed variable value follows a particular pattern systematically. the sa analysis is most useful and an important tool for investigating the spatial database, this analysis not only itself gives useful infor...

A semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for wireless systems that employ high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation signalling. A minimum number of training symbols, equal to the number of receiver antenna array′s elements, are first utilised to provide a rough initial least squares estimate of the beamformer′s weight vector. A concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft de...

This note considers the estimation of ordered means of two independent normal random variables. When estimating the smaller one of the two means, two simple (non-trivial) estimators are available: the minimum of the two normal random variables and the maximum likelihood estimator. For these two estimators we provide simple elementary derivations of bias and mean square error.

In global mobile network, it is required to authenticate mobile users, provide secure communication channel between a user and a foreign agent using session key, and guarantee users’ anonymity and untraceability. In order to improve the security of mobile roaming service, twofactor authentication which employs smart card and password was introduced to global mobile network. In 2014, Kuo et al. ...

Color haiftoning using a conventional screen requires careful selection of screen angles to avoid Moire patterns. An obvious advantage of halftoning using a Blue Noise Mask (BNM) ' is that there are no conventional screen angle or Moire patterns produced. However, a simple strategy of employing the same BNM on all color planes is unacceptable in case where a small registration error can cause o...

The downward surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) received by an inclined can be estimated accurately based on the mountain transfer model using digital elevation (DEM) and high-resolution optical remote sensing images. However, it is still challenging to obtain daily average DSSR affected atmosphere local topography in areas. In this study, spatial downscaling temporal extrapolation methods were...

In this paper, improved performance scheme for joint transmission(JT) is proposed in downlink(DL) coordinated multi-point(CoMP) in case of the constraint transmission power. This scheme is that a serving transmission point(TP) requests the JT to an inter-TP and it selects a precoding technique according to the channel state information(CSI) from user equipment(UE). The simulation results show t...