he Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) sponsored a Paper InT dustry Research Needs workshop at the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, New York, May 26-28,1992, The Pulping and Bleaching Processes Panel identified the major need in kraft black liquor recovery, namely, an affordable, incremental, chemical recovery capa...

The current global conditions provide the pulp mill new opportunities beyond the traditional production of cellulose. Due to stricter environmental regulations, volatility of oil price, energy policies and also the global competitiveness, the challenges for the pulp industry are many. They range from replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources to the export of biofuels, chemicals and b...

In this work, the effect of Fenton's reagent on the degradation of residual Kraft black liquor was investigated. The effect of Fenton's reagent on the black liquor degradation was dependent on the concentration of H2O2. At low concentrations (5 and 15 mM) of H2O2, Fenton's reagent caused the degradation of phenolic groups (6.8 and 44.8%, respectively), the reduction of reaction medium pH (18.2%...

Pulp and paper effluents are considered as serious environmental hazards and their treatment, because of multiplicity of impurities and complexity of their chemical structures, is one of the most difficult and inconvenient industrial processes. As the most pulp and paper mill work on kraft process, there are few studies in literature on the treatment of neural sulfite semi chemical (NSSC) p...

Adam Kraft, Albrecht Dürer’s contemporary in Nuremberg, worked the material of sandstone to provide a comparable experience carved relief about Passion Christ. Both artists began their work Nuremberg around same time, 1490, although older Kraft actually predeceased Dürer by two full decades (1508/1528). But both shared religious sentiment late-medieval art as having goal evoke pious emotions th...

Let len : A −→ N be the length function on the free monoid of all strings over a given non-empty finite set A. Let con : A −→ A be the concatenation map which to every string of strings associates their concatenation. A uniquely decipherable code is a finite set C ⊆ A such that con is injective on the submonoid C of A. This submonoid is then isomorphic to the submonoid C = con[C] of A freely ge...

Esterified kraft lignins (KL) were prepared by reaction with maleic anhydride (MA), succinic anhydride (SA), and phthalic anhydride (PA) in acetone solutions. The esterified lignins were characterized using ATRFTIR, solid state CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PA modification resulted in the highest weight gain percent (...

The effect of alkaline pulping parameters (temperature, effective alkali (EA) and sulphidity) on the hexenuronic acid (HexA) content of Portuguese Eucalyptus globulus pulps was studied. The HexA content was calculated on a pentosan basis. Unlike softwood pulping, the amount of this acid increased during kraft cooking and only started to decrease in the final stage of delignification (kappa numb...