By identifying the relationship between calcium location in the plant cell and nutrient bioavailability, the plant characteristics leading to maximal calcium absorption by humans can be identified. Knowledge of plant cellular and molecular targets controlling calcium location in plants is emerging. These insights should allow for better strategies for increasing the nutritional content of foods...

We present a new approach to investigate how the photodynamics of an octahedral ruthenium(II) complex activated through two-photon absorption (TPA) differ from the equivalent complex activated through one-photon absorption (OPA). We photoactivated a Ru(II) polypyridyl complex containing bioactive monodentate ligands in the photodynamic therapy window (620-1000 nm) by using TPA and used transien...

When reasoning with description logic (DL) knowledge bases (KBs), performance is of critical concern in real applications, especially when these KBs contain a large number of axioms. To improve the performance, axiom absorption has been proven to be one of the most effective optimization techniques. The well-known algorithms for axiom absorption, however, still heavily depend on the order and t...

The water vapour continuum absorption is an important component of molecular absorption of radiation in atmosphere. However, uncertainty in knowledge of the value of the continuum absorption at present can achieve 100% in different spectral regions leading to an error in flux calculation up to 3-5 W/m 2 global mean. This work uses line-by-line calculations to reveal the best spectral intervals ...

A practical multiband, hierarchical algorithm for estimating land-surface temperature from NASA's future EOS instruments MODIS and ASTER is developed through comprehensive, accurate, radiative transfer simulations at moderate spectral steps of 1-5 cm -1 for wide ranges of atmospheric and surface conditions. The algorithm will accept empirical or estimated information about the surface emissivit...

Humans possess elegant control mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis by coordinately regulating iron absorption, iron recycling, and mobilization of stored iron. Dietary iron absorption is regulated locally by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling and iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) in enterocytes and systematically by hepatic hepcidin, the central iron regulatory hormone. Hepcidin not onl...

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) arises from shock-heated gas collapsing in large-scale filaments and probably harbours a substantial fraction of the baryons in the local Universe. Absorption-line measurements in the ultraviolet (UV) and in the X-ray band currently represent the best method to study the WHIM at low redshifts. We here describe the physical properties of the WHIM and the ...

The light absorption coefficient of water is dependent on temperature and concentration of ions, i.e. the salinity in seawater. Accurate knowledge of the water absorption coefficient, a, and/or its temperature and salinity correction coefficients, Ψ(T) and Ψ(S), respectively, is essential for a wide range of optical applications. Values are available from published data only at specific narrow ...

Biomedical photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can provide qualitative images of biomedical soft tissue with high spatial resolution. However, whether it is possible to give accurate quantitative estimates of the spatially varying concentrations of the sources of photoacoustic contrast-endogenous or exogenous chromophores-remains an open question. Even if the chromophores' absorption spectra are kno...