Poultry litter usage in horticultural crop production is a contributor to nuisance fly populations, in particular stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) and house flies (Musca domestica L.). Extrapolation of adult emergence data suggests that approximately 1.5 million house flies and 0.2 million stable flies are emerging on average from every hectare of poultry litter applied as a preplant ferti...

conclusion based on the results, the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis include of p. papatasi, p. salehi, p. sergenti and moreover the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis include of p. keshishiani and p. alexandri have been found. materials and methods sand flies were collected by using sticky traps from selected villages (outdoors as well as indoors). traps were fixed at sundown and sand flies ...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major has become a hot topic in iran. the objective of this study was to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in the study area. methods: sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors fixed places in the selected villages, using 30 sticky paper traps from the beginning to the end of the active season of 2006 in kerm...

background: the aim of his study was to determine development time and thermal requirements of three myiasis flies including chrysomya albiceps, lucilia sericata, and sarcophaga sp. methods: rate of development (rod) and accumu­lated degree day ( add) of three important forensic flies in iran, chrysomya albiceps, lucilia sericata, and sarcophaga sp. by rearing individuals under a single constan...

b a ckground: bait-trapping appears to be a generally useful method of studying fly populations. the aim of this study was to construct a new adult flytrap by some modifications in former versions and to evaluate its applicability in a subtropical zone in southern iran. m e t hods: the traps were constructed with modification by adding some equipment to a polyethylene container (18×20× 33 cm) w...

sand fly research has a long history in iran beginning with the work of adler, theodor and lourie in 1930 and followed by mesghali’s foundational taxonomic work on sand flies in 1943. since then, research has continued unabated throughout the country and official publications report the existence of at least 44 species of sand flies (26 of the genus phlebotomus and 18 of genus sergentomyia ) in...

background: the aim of this study was to assess leishmania infection in sand fly species from areas where leishmaniasis is endemic. this is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of the disease. methods: in this cross-sectional study we used a pcr-based method for detection of leishmania minicircle dna within individual sand flies from orzoieh, a new endemic leishmaniasis focus in s...

the interaction of radiation with cells and tissues has a random nature. therefore, understanding the random nature of cell killing that is determined by poisson distribution statistics is an essential point in education of radiation biology. radbiostat is a newly developed educational matlab-based software designed for computer-assisted learning of the target theory in radiation biology. altho...

Abstract Background Various bleaching agents are used in food industries among which some reacts to form alloxan. Therefore, the alloxan can indirectly enter a human body and thus an important aspects for studying its effect on development. In present study, of was studied climbing ability, pupation emergence flies. Fifty first instar larvae were introduced separately vials containing 0.001, 0....