Three serious cholera epidemics have threatened the world during the last 10 years. As a countermeasure against such cholera epidemics, three vaccines, CVD 103-HgR, WC/rBS, and Vietnamese WC, showed good performance. CVD 103-HgR is a recombinant attenuated live vaccine for travelers, and its highly safety and protective efficacy have been demonstrated in volunteers in advanced countries. WC/rBS...

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacillus endemic to areas of southeast Asia and northern Australia. Presently, there is no licensed vaccine for B. pseudomallei and the organism is refractive to antibiotic therapy. The bacterium is known to survive and multiply inside both phagocytic and nonphagocytic host cells and may be able to spread directly...

The in vitro priming of tumor-specific T cells by dendritic cells (DCs) phagocytosing killed tumor cells can be augmented in the presence of antitumor monoclonal antibody (mAb). We investigated whether DCs phagocytosing killed lymphoma cells coated with tumor-specific antibody could elicit antitumor immunity in vivo. Irradiated murine 38C13 lymphoma cells were cocultured with bone marrow-derive...

Results of the latest leprosy vaccine trial were reported in the 6 July 1 996 Lancetl. This 'Karonga Prevention Trial' was unusual in several respects: because it combined two diseases (leprosy and tuberculosis), because it evaluated two vaccine comparisons (two versus one BeG, and BeG plus killed Mycobacterium leprae versus BeG alone), and because of its size ( 1 20,000 individuals randomized,...

BACKGROUND Studies of the immunogenicity of the killed bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine, Shanchol, have been performed in historically cholera-endemic areas of Asia. There is a need to assess the immunogenicity of the vaccine in Haiti and other populations without historical exposure to Vibrio cholerae. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We measured immune responses after administration o...

The increasing frequency, severity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus infections has made the development of immunotherapies against this pathogen more urgent than ever. Previous immunization attempts using monovalent antigens resulted in at best partial levels of protection against S. aureus infection. We therefore reasoned that synthesizing a bivalent conjugate vaccine comp...

Pandemic of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in China is now become global public health crisis. At present 87.64% the world infected by this deadly illness. The risk from epidemic depends on nature virus, including how well it transmits person to person, and complications resulting current coronavirus has killed thousands people other countries as w...

In refugee settings, the use of cholera vaccines is controversial since a mass vaccination campaign might disrupt other priority interventions. We therefore conducted a study to assess the feasibility of such a campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. The campaign, using killed whole-cell/recombinant B-subunit cholera vaccine, was carried out in October 1997 among 44,00...

Background & Aim: The recent study was conducted to investigate the effects of Thyme extract in drinking water on immune response of broiler chickens. Experimental:  A total of 245 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled for determination maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 5 equal groups. Chickens of group A, B and C received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%...

Background & Aim: The recent study was conducted to investigate the effects of Thyme extract in drinking water on immune response of broiler chickens. Experimental:  A total of 245 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled for determination maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 5 equal groups. Chickens of group A, B and C received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%...