Summer streamflow variations strongly affect water supply reliability and ecological functioning of western U.S. (WUS) streams. Traditional snow-based forecasts summer are becoming less accurate with warming-induced reductions in winter snow accumulation. This reflects a rising importance competing runoff-generating processes controlling variations, primarily an increasing role rainfall contras...

The Yukon River Basin (YRB) is one of the most important river networks shared between Canada and United States, largest basins in subarctic region North America. Canadian part YRB characterized by steeply sloped, partly glaciated mountain headwaters that generate considerable runoff during melt glaciers seasonal snowcover. Snow redistribution, snowmelt, glacier freezing–thawing soil processes ...

Accurate measurement and modeling of the snowpack energy balance are critical to understanding the terrestrial water cycle. Most of the water resources in the western US come from snowmelt, yet statistical runoff models that rely on the historical record are becoming less reliable because of a changing climate. For physically based snow melt models that do not depend on past conditions, ground ...

The presence of ice in soil dramatically alters soil hydrologic and thermal properties. Despite this important role, many recent studies show that explicitly including the hydrologic effects of soil ice in land surface models degrades the simulation of runoff in cold regions. This paper addresses this dilemma by employing the Community Land Model version 2.0 (CLM2.0) developed at the National C...