As the number of systems which offer annotations on digital documents increases, robust anchoring of annotations is a key challenge. It is especially important if the annotator lacks write-access to the document being annotated. For example, if someone makes an annotation on a web page today and the web page changes tomorrow, what happens to the annotation? One approach is simply to “orphan” th...

We examine the convergence properties of a level set algorithm designed to track evolving interfaces; in particular, its convergence properies on a series of two and three dimensional backwards reachable sets whose flow fields involve kink formation (sharp features) and, in some cases, rarefaction fans introduced by input parameters in the dynamics. The chosen examples have analytic solutions t...

The purpose of this study is to analyze Green IT industry in major developed countries and to suggest overall directions for IT-Energy convergence industry. Recently, IT industry is pointed out as a problem such as environmental pollution, energy exhaustion, and high energy consumption. Therefore, Green IT gets focused which concerns as solution of these problems. However, since it is a beginni...

This paper focuses on evaluation of the impact of the global financial crisis on the process of real convergence within the EU28 economies. The beta-convergence approach is verified by the use of crosssectional linear regression analysis. The sigma-convergence is tested by standard deviation of real GDP per capita. The aim is to verify the hypothesis that the betaand sigma-convergence (βand σ-c...

In wireless communication system, a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) to cancel the intersymbol interference (ISI) is required. In this paper, an exact convergence analysis of the (DFE) adapted by the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm during the training phase is derived by taking into account the finite alphabet context of data transmission. This allows us to determine the shortest training se...