The cementing efficiency factor k of a pozzolan is defined as the number of parts of cement in a concrete mixture that could be replaced by one part of pozzolan without changing the property being investigated, which is usually the compressive strength. This concept was proposed by Smith [1] and was initially applied in rational proportioning of fly ash concrete by using the ‘‘fly ash cementing...

Two incinerators in Taiwan have recently attempted to reuse the fly and bottom ash that they produce, but the mutagenicity of these types of ash has not yet been assessed. Therefore, we evaluated the mutagenicity of the ash with the Ames mutagenicity assay using the TA98, TA100, and TA1535 bacterial strains. We obtained three leachates from three leachants of varying pH values using the toxicit...

In this work, the material properties of a series of fly ash/polyurea composites were studied. Dynamic mechanical analysis was conducted to study the effect of the fly ash volume fraction on the composite’s mechanical properties, i.e., on the material’s frequencyand temperature-dependent storage and loss moduli. It was found that the storage and loss moduli of the composite both increase as the...

In recent years, coal production and consumption increased dramatically, especially in China. So, more and more attentions have been paid to coal preparation and coal ash utilization with the growing concern about the pollution by fly ash. The unburned carbon in fly ash significantly affects its utilization in many fields, especially in concrete production industry. Technologies such as flotati...

The development of alkali-activated binders seems to present a greener alternative to OPC. The present study has been made on the low calcium fly ash with alkali activator as an alternative binding material as mortar. The mortar has been prepared with ennore sand and Indian fly ash mixed with alkali activator fluid consisting of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide of different concentrations. ...

Utilisation of fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Slag as an alternative material in concrete reduces the use of OPC in concrete. Evolution of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature broadens its suitability and applicability to concrete based structures. This paper presents the mix proportions and outcome of an experimental study on the density and compressive strength of geopolymer ...

Depending on the desulfurization reaction temperature, it can be divided into fly ash generated at hightemperature furnace zone and at low-temperature flue gas zone. For simulating those two kinds of desulfurization ash, the ordinary fly ash mixed with different weight percentage of CaSO4·2H2O is divided into 2 groups, the first group is followed by calcining at 900°C, another drying at 100°C. ...

Molten fly ashes generated from melting treatment of municipal solid waste and automobile shredder residues are characterized as hazardous waste due to the high content of heavy metals such as Zn, Pb and Cu. In addition, the heavy metal resources could be depleted in the near future and thus, the research towards conservation of metal resources is required. In the present work, volatilization b...

The Southwestern region of the United States is extremely wealthy in low sulfur coal resources which must be eventually utilized in response to national energy balance priorities. Fly ash and scrubber sludge can be safely disposed of using properly managed techniques to ensure that any potential impact from elements such as boron, molybdenum, or selenium is rendered insignificant. Alternative m...