A long-standing and continuing controversy exists regarding the role of induction and deduction in reasoning and in scientific inquiry. Given the inherent difficulty in reconstructing reasoning patterns based on personal and historical accounts, evidence about the nature of human reasoning in scientific inquiry has been sought from a controlled experiment designed to identify the role played by...

background and aim : about one-third of iranian children mortality is caused by injuries from which 36% occur due to road traffic injuries. using child restraint embedded in vehicles can reduce road traffic fatalities by 71% for neonates and 54% for children. based on its effectiveness in reduction of fatality and prevention of injury severity, child restraint usage mandatory law is a priority....

Ever since Darwin people have worried about the sceptical implications of evolution. If our minds are products of evolution like those of other animals, why suppose that the beliefs they produce are true, rather than merely useful? We consider this problem for beliefs in three different domains: religion, morality, and commonsense and scientific claims about matters of empirical fact. We identi...

The long history of racism in the United States, including racist medical practices, has strongly influenced Black people’s perceptions health care delivery for generations. Unethical practices have included performance painful procedures without anesthesia on enslaved women by J. Marion Sims 1840s, Tuskegee study that intentionally withheld effective treatment from men with syphilis 1930s thro...

We present a new lexicographic enterprise that aims at producing a French Lexical Network or FLN. We begin by introducing the project as such and then proceed with a characterization of the FLN: the FLN as a generic lexical model, its network structure and the different types of lexical entities it models. Finally, we focus on two aspects of our lexicographic methodology: the incremental identi...

ed from actual and possible preferences. Welfare interests consist in just that set of generalized resources that will be necessary for people to have before pursuing any of the more particular preferences that they might happen to have. Health, money, shelter, sustenance, and such like are all demonstrably welfare interests of this sort, useful resources whatever people’s particular projects a...

Introduction. Sustained and elaborative emotional information processing in depression and decreased affective elaboration in schizophrenia are considered hallmarks of these disorders but have not been directly measured. Gamma-band (35-45 Hz) EEG has been associated with semantic functions such as feature binding and may index these elaborative processing. This study examined whether there were...