Dielectrophoresis is the movement of particles in nonuniform electric fields and has been of interest for application to manipulation and separation at and below the microscale. This technique has the advantages of being noninvasive, nondestructive, and noncontact, with the movement of particle achieved by means of electric fields generated by miniaturized electrodes and microfluidic systems. A...

The mechanism of ammonia excretion in freshwater teleosts is not well understood. In this study, scanning ion-selective electrode technique was applied to measure H(+) and NH(4)(+) fluxes in specific cells on the skin of zebrafish larvae. NH(4)(+) extrusion was relatively high in H(+) pump-rich cells, which were identified as the H(+)-secreting ionocyte in zebrafish. Minor NH(4)(+) extrusion wa...

Chronic alcoholism is associated with a marked deficit in total magnesium (tMg). However, little is known about the status of the physiologically active form, ionized magnesium (iMg). We assessed serum iMg (measured with two ion-selective electrodes, AVL 988-4 and NOVA CRT) and tMg concentrations in chronic alcoholics at admission (n = 31) and after abstinence (n = 13) and compared these result...

Fluoride is recognized as an effective agent for dental caries prevention. Generally, the main source of fluoride intake is drinking water. In this study, fluoride content in 18 commercial brands of bottled waters was investigated. Six samples from each batch of 18 Iranian commercial brands of bottled waters were supplied. The fluoride content of samples was analyzed by Fluoride Ion Selective E...

Two-phase liquid system IA(w)|IX(o) comprising the interface between the aqueous solution (w) of uni-univalent electrolyte IA and an organic solvent solution (o) of a uni-univalent electrolyte IX with the common cation I(+) is considered as a simple model of a liquid-membrane ion-selective electrode (ISE). Taking into account the electroneutrality and mass balance conditions, the equilibrium Ga...

A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEDOT-b-PEG) block copolymer doped with perchlorate on FTO shows excellent optical and interfacial performance as a counter electrode (CE), such as low charge transfer resistance and low reflectivity for polymer electrolyte-based solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), resulting in 8.45% energy conversion efficiency, greater tha...

The stability constants of Cu'(l1) glycine complexes in 0.7 M NaC104 and 0.7M NaN03 media were evaluated using Cu ( 1 1 ) ion selective electrode. The stability constant data are consistent with earlier reports of other metal ion complexes of glycine. The distribution level of Cu ( 1 1 ) glycine complexes in presence of other complexing ligands of marine environment has also been numerically ev...

Three novel phenyltelluroalkoxyl functionalized tweezer-like calix[4]arenes 6-8 and two monophenyltelluropropoxyl functionalized calix[4]arenes 10 (cone conformer) and 12 (partial cone conformer) were synthesized and characterized. They are good Ag(+)-selective ionophores in ion-selective electrodes evaluated by electromotive force measurements of polymer membrane electrodes. The tweezer-like i...

A technique for the selective measurement of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) for free Cu2+ ions was developed using a 0.030 M solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the liquid binding phase with the liquid-type DGT devices (PVA DGT). The PVA DGT had a substantial binding capacity at pH 5.6 - 8.6 and concentrations of competitive Na+ up to 0.7 M. The measurements of PVA DGT and cupric io...

An integrated computer system consisting of an expandable ionanalyzer and a PC has been used to automate concentration measurements with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The ionanalyzer determines ionic concentrations using a reference electrode coupled with an ISE. The measurements and calibrations are carried out in a thermostated sample changer equipped with a flow cell. The data obtained by...