We prove: Let P(z) = P n k=0 a k z k be a complex polynomial with n 1 and a 0 an 6 = 0. If z is a zero of P, then we have for all real numbers t > 0: (*) jzj > ja 0 jt ja 0 j + Kn(t) with Kn(t) = 1 1 ? n(t) n min 1mn h (n(t) m ? n(t) n) max mpn Ap(t) + (1 ? n(t) m) max 1pn Ap(t) i ; n(t) = ja 0 j ja 0 j + max 1pn Ap(t) ; Ap(t) = 1 p p X k=1 ja k jt k : Inequality (*) sharpens a result of E. Lan...

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a fatty acid-derived signaling molecule that regulates a broad range of plant defense responses against herbivores and some microbial pathogens. Molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis have established that JA also performs a critical role in anther and pollen development but is not essential for other developmental aspects of the plant's life cycle. Here, we describe the...

Background & Aim: Marigold or Calendula officinalis L. is a annual herb belongs to the Asteraceae family.  Marigold is a valuable medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical industry.  In addition, this plant is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) on phytochemic...

To be presented, with the assent of the Medical Faculty of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in the big auditorium of the Helsingin yliopiston verkkojulkaisut 4 Kaulitaan ja käännetään, ja kaulitaan ja käännetään Rollout and fold, roll out and fold again Kohta meissä kaikissa asuu pieni lehmä... In everyone of us, there is soon a small cow...

To create a metabolic sink in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, we generated transgenic Nicotiana attenuata lines ectopically expressing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) jasmonic acid O-methyltransferase (35S-jmt) and additionally silenced in other lines the N. attenuata methyl jasmonate esterase (35S-jmt/ir-mje) to reduce the deesterification of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Basal jasmonate levels ...

BAK1 is a co-receptor of brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRI1, and plays a well-characterized role in BR signalling. BAK1 also physically interacts with the flagellin receptor FLS2 and regulates pathogen resistance. The role of BAK1 in mediating Nicotiana attenuata's resistance responses to its specialist herbivore, Manduca sexta, was examined here. A virus-induced gene-silencing system was used ...

The root hemiparasite witchweed (Striga spp.) is a devastating agricultural pest that causes losses of up to $1 billion US annually in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of resistant crops is one of the cost-effective ways to address this problem. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are not well understood. To understand molecular events upon Striga spp. infection, we conducted...

Light signaling and phytohormones both influence plant growth, development, and stress responses; however, cross talk between these two signaling pathways in response to cold remains underexplored. Here, we report that far-red light (FR) and red light (R) perceived by phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB positively and negatively regulated cold tolerance, respectively, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)...