the problem of mental causation was one of the most important problems in philosophy of mind at least from the time of descartes. since cartesian philosophers found the causal interaction of the soul and the body problematic, they explained away the direct relation between the soul and the body in different ways. however, the problem was not resolved in contemporary philosophy of mind when the ...

The article presents a contemporary understanding of the human soul according to Czesław Stanisław Bartnik (1929–2020), founder universalistic personalism. term “soul” has been understood in many different ways throughout history thought, hence it still raises confusion today. It is sometimes dismissed as too “religious” and replaced by word “ego” or “person.” seems that successful attempt link...

philosophers view the advantage of human soul over animal soul in theoretical and practical intellect. however, there is disagreement among them in stating the quiddity of these two intellects. with a deliberation on their words, at least four interpretations can be implied from these two intellects. after reporting the statements and expressing the functions of practical intellect, the article...

To the thinking soul images serve as if they were contents of perception (…) That's why the soul never thinks without an image. As sight is the most highly developed sense, the name phantasia (imagination) has been formed from phaos (light) because it is not possible to see without light. The words or the language, as they are written or spoken, do not seem to play any role in my mechanism of t...

Intervening between logic and biology, a statistician who, first trained in mathematics, went then towards linguistics and other human sciences, should be cautious. But if he refrains both from overly technical formulas and overly vague sentences what will remain for him to say? I will apply myself therefore to raise, by the interplay of formulas, sufficiently suggestive images to illustrate, a...

This chapter focuses on person-reference in a Pacific island society. Rossel island, roughly equidistant between Queensland, the New Guinea mainland, and the Solomons, is inhabited by a people who speak a language isolate called Y!el̂ı Dnye (classed ‘Papuan’, which here means simply ‘not Austronesian’). Ethnographic situations are natural experiments, which indicate the possibility of space for ...