Water samples from clay storage jugs ("zeers") located in homes and at public watering stands ("sebeels") at streets, mosques, and schools were examined. Coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci were detected in 100, 69, 88, and 91.56% of the samples, respectively. The general microbiology of the water and some factors affecting microbial load were studied. The predominant bacterial g...

This article examines three "modern" mosques in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Specifically, it researches examples innovative and authentic mosque architecture, which considerably varies from "Ottoman-type" that heavily dominate inventory The Republican period after Ottoman Empire Turkey witnessed an ongoing discussion competition between modern traditional architecture. Although this pro...

worship places are psychologically evolved in human’s mind, because his unconscious mind manifests evolution differently in such places. every religion has its concerning style, while islam and christianity represent two different blazes in two separate places. church and mosque are very important worship places and designers try to create a spiritual sense of place for the audience. whereas ac...

This study examines the traditional mosques in Quzzat quarter of Herat Old City, Afghanistan, after WWII. The discovered urban developments, typology mosques, as well destructions, changes, and transformations mosques. It involved compiling data, conducting a field survey, examining historical maps, reviewing published works to explain constructions, finding out how took place. Twenty-nine are ...