To quantify the interaction between epinephrine infusion and carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of vascular capacity and resistance, we have simultaneously measured total systemic compliance, Ct, arterial compliance, Ca, changes in "unstressed vascular volume," AV0, and resistance, R, in nine dogs whose carotid sinuses were isolated and cardiac output fixed by a perfusion pump. In respon...

To quantify the interaction between epinephrine infusion and carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of vascular capacity and resistance, we have simultaneously measured total systemic compliance, Ct, arterial compliance, Ca, changes in "unstressed vascular volume," AV0, and resistance, R, in nine dogs whose carotid sinuses were isolated and cardiac output fixed by a perfusion pump. In respon...

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) and sinonasal papillomas constitute a diverse group of epithelial tumors arising in the sinonasal tract [1]. Sinonasal papillomas are benign tumors classified into three distinct histologic types: exophytic (fungiform), inverted, and oncocytic. While exophytic sinonasal papillomas (ESP) arise from the nasal septum and are only rarely associated with SNS...

Crystallographic structures of the bc1 complex from different sources have provided evidence that a movement of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) extrinsic domain is essential for catalysis. This dynamic feature has opened up the question of what limits electron transfer, and several authors have suggested that movement of the ISP head, or gating of such movement, is rate-limiting. Measureme...

Crystallographic structures of the mitochondrial ubiquinol/cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc(1) complex) suggest that the mechanism of quinol oxidation by the bc(1) complex involves a substantial movement of the soluble head of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) between reaction domains in cytochrome b and cytochrome c(1) subunits. In this paper we report the results of steered molec...

Prostaglandins are known to enhance the inflammatory and nociceptive actions of other chemical mediators of inflammation such as bradykinin. One possible mechanism for this sensitizing action is that prostanoids augment the release of neuroactive substances from sensory neurons. To initially test this hypothesis, we examined whether selected prostaglandins could enhance the resting or bradykini...

Insects, like all heterotrophic organisms, acquire from their food the nutrients that are essential for anabolic processes that lead to growth (larval stages) or reproduction (adult stage). In adult females, this nutritional input is processed and results in a very specific output, i.e., the production of fully developed eggs ready for fertilization and deposition. An important role in this inp...

Recent measurement studies have shown that traffic generated by peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications has started to dominate the bandwidth consumption on Internet access links. The prevailing use of P2P applications carries with it significant implications for Internet Service Providers (ISPs): on the one hand increased levels of P2P traffic result in additional costs for an ISP, which ...

In this paper we discuss techniques to prevent Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks within the ISP domain and extend the scheme to prevent the attack in multiple ISP domains. With a new packet marking technique and agent design, our model is able to identify the approximate source of attack with a single packet and has many features to minimise DDoS attacks.