In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing j j j N C (x ) ∈ ∑ , subject to the following chain constraints l ≤ x1 ≤ x2 ≤ x3 ≤ ... ≤ xn ≤ u, where Cj(xj) is a convex function of xj for each j ∈ N = {1, 2, ..., n}. This problem is a generalization of the isotonic regression problems with complete order, an important class of problems in regression analysis that has been examined extensi...

When a muscle has been soaked in a moderately hypertonic solution its mechanical response to a shock is delayed, but its heat production is almost normal and starts considerably earlier than its shortening. After a more hypertonic solution the mechanical response is abolished, but a substantial part of the heat production remains. These effects are rapidly reversed by soaking in a normal isoton...

BACKGROUND Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is high in elite athletes, especially after many years training in cold and dry air conditions. The primary treatment of EIB is inhaling a short-acting beta-2-agonist such as salbutamol. However, professional speed skaters also inhale nebulized isotonic saline or tap water before and after a race or intense training. The use of...

INTRODUCTION Gastroenteritis (GE) is one of the most common pediatric diseases. Hyponatremia commonly occurs by administering hypotonic fluids to GE and hospitalized children. Yet, there is no consensus on the ideal method of treatment. OBJECTIVES we aimed to assess suitable intravenous (IV) fluid for preventing dysnatremia in children with GE. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a double blind ra...

Isotonic drinks can replace body fluids quickly because they contain electrolytes needed by the body. This study uses young coconut water as primary raw material with addition of pineapple juice to improve taste and nutritional value isotonic drinks. aimed determine characteristics adding different formulations sweeteners. used a factorial block randomized experimental design consisting two fac...