Azaspiracids are a group of lipophilic polyether toxins produced by the small dinoflagellate Azadinium spinosum. They may accumulate in shellfish and can result in illnesses when consumed by humans. Research into analytical methods, chemistry, metabolism, and toxicology of azaspiracids has been severely constrained by the scarcity of high-purity azaspiracids. Consequently, since their discovery...

an efficient and environmentally friendly procedure for one-pot synthesis of 13-acetyl-9-methyl-11-ox-8-oxa-10,12-diazatricyclo [7.3.1. ] trideca-2,4,6-triene from salicylaldehyde, acetylaceton and urea via biginelli condensation and intramolecular michael-addition by using magnesium bromide as an expensive and easily available catalyst under solvent-free condition is desired. the structural el...

of the tropical tree Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae), regarded as “the queen of fruit,” have demonstrated interesting biological activities. Studies have been conducted to examine the anticancer properties of the extracts or xanthones obtained from the fruit hulls of this plant species against colon preneoplastic lesions, DNA topoisomerases I and II, human leukemia (HL60, K562, NB4, U937, P...

Three new ENT-kaurane diterpenoids, glaucocalyxin H ( 1), glaucocalyxin I ( 2), and glaucocalyxin J ( 3), together with four known diterpenoids ( 4- 7), were isolated from the leaves of Isodon japonica Hara var. glaucocalyx. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the structures of compounds 2 and 3 were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1, ...

Melissa officinalis Labiatae is an edible herb native to the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe. It is one of the oldest and still most popular medicinal plants. Lemon Balm is the common name of Melissa officinalis. This plant naturalizes easily, reproduces by underground stems and grows up to 45 cm in height. The herbal tea can be used therapeutically for soothing stomach cramps, indigestion and...