How do we expect the Muslim woman, collectively and individually, to identify with Islam as revered teachings and to act within its parameters, and to accommodate new human knowledge, be it that of a local Mufti's (clergy) injunction or a human rights advocate's recommendation, while neither Muslim societies nor human rights advocates recognize her self-identity as an autonomous spiritual and i...

Brazil's political history had long been marked by authoritarian, techno-bureaucratic regimes in which the state dominated over civil society. A political culture based on a tradition of clientelism and patrimonial elitism meant that the management of municipal public budgets (the 'black box' as it was known) was far from transparent. All this produced a society with extreme social inequalities...

The year 2020 roughly corresponds with the 40th anniversary of rise political Islam on world stage. This topic has generated controversy about its impact Muslims societies and international affairs more broadly, including how governments should respond to this socio-political phenomenon. article modest aims. It seeks reflect broad theme four decades after it first captured global headlines by c...

the council of areopagus as a judicial establishment monitored the proper implementation of rule of law in the polis (city-state) of athens. while, the main responsibility and duty of areopagus was to adjudicate the cases of the most serious crimes, it intervened in the political affairs as well. eventually, after long-lasting political conflicts between athenian oligarchy and democracy, this e...

Despite their common Ottoman heritage, Greece and Turkey have diverged widely in their modem history of civil-military relations. The armed forces have a long record of intervention in both countries, but there is a crucial difference: the military emerged as a roughly unitary, independent political actor in Turkey, whereas in Greece it remained divided into factions aligned with civilian polit...