Motherhood is accompanied by new behaviors aimed at ensuring the wellbeing of the offspring. Olfaction plays a key role in guiding maternal behaviors during this transition. We studied functional changes in the main olfactory bulb (OB) of mothers in mice. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we studied the sensory representation of odors by mitral cells (MCs). We show that MC responses to ...

The present study reports normative ratings for 200 food and non-food odors. One hundred participants rated odors across measures of verbalisability, perceived descriptive ability, context availability, pleasantness, irritability, intensity, familiarity, frequency, age of acquisition, and complexity. Analysis of the agreement between raters revealed that four dimensions, those of familiarity, i...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) constitutes an irritating and embarrassing problem for estimated 11–16% of the Danish population. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores how young middle-aged people diagnosed with IBS attend to, experience, manage gut trouble in a welfare context. It asks we may understand relation between IBS, irritation, attention. Drawing conceptualis...

Quench-flow measurements are used to determine the subsecond kinetics of odor-induced changes in second messenger concentrations in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. Individual odors transiently and differentially increase the production of both adenosine cAMP and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) within 50 msec of odor stimulation. The ability of two different odors to stimulate cAMP and IP...

The functional significance of male gerbil scent-marks was investigated in four experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, males in a novel test environment marked more, groomed more, and urinated less in the presence of odors of a strange male than in their absence. Female odors elicited male marking more than did male odors. In Experiments 3 and 4, females were selectively less aggressive toward fa...

Odors are powerful stimuli that can focus the attention, elicit behaviors (or misbehaviors) and even resurrect forgotten memories. These actions are directed by the central nervous system, but they depend upon the initial transduction of chemical signals by olfactory receptor neurons. Electrophysiological recordings suggest that the responses of olfactory receptor neurons to odors are more dive...

Sodium and Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate are anionic surfactants used in cosmetics as cleansing agents. In absorption, metabolism, and excretion studies, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate had a degenerative effect on the cell membranes because of its protein denaturing properties. Low levels of skin penetration may occur at high use concentration. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate had an LD50 of 0.8 to 1.10 g/kg in rats. A ...

The interaction between the vision of colors and odor determination is investigated through lexical analysis of experts' wine tasting comments. The analysis shows that the odors of a wine are, for the most part, represented by objects that have the color of the wine. The assumption of the existence of a perceptual illusion between odor and color is confirmed by a psychophysical experiment. A wh...

It is believed that odor transduction in the mammalian main olfactory system only involves the cAMP-signaling pathway. Here, we report on odor responsiveness in mice with a disrupted cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel subunit A2. Several odorants, including putative pheromones, can be detected and discriminated by these mice behaviorally. These odors elicit responses in the olfactory epithel...

Eating under distracted conditions such as viewing television is associated with overeating and weight gain. Following evidence from earlier findings, in this issue Hoffman-Hensel et al. report a study in which they investigated the influence of distraction on intensity perception of low and high caloric food odors and neural responses to these food odors. Their findings suggest that distractio...