chunking contains seven different elements: x, z, (xz), t, p, q, and (pq). The reason to count all different elements in the abstract chunking that results from a code is twofold. First, the number of different symbols in the abstract chunking equals the number of pattern symbols in the code and can therefore be said to reflect the amount of irregularity (residual nonidentity) in the code (cf. ...

A closed walk in a connected graph G that contains every edge of G exactly once is an Eulerian circuit. A graph is Eulerian if it contains an Eulerian circuit. It is well known that a connected graph G is Eulerian if and only if every vertex of G is even. An Eulerian walk in a connected graph G is a closed walk that contains every edge of G at least once, while an irregular Eulerian walk in G i...

I construct normal del Pezzo surfaces, and regular weak del Pezzo surfaces as well, with positive irregularity q > 0. Such things can happen only over nonperfect fields. The surfaces in question are twisted forms of nonnormal del Pezzo surfaces, which were classified by Reid. The twisting is with respect to the flat topology and infinitesimal group scheme actions. The twisted surfaces appear as...

Octreotide is a potent somatostatin analog that inhibits growth hormone (GH) release and restricts somatotrope cell growth. The long-acting octreotide formulation Sandostatin LAR is effective clinically in approximately 60% of patients with acromegaly. Tumoral GH secretion in this disorder is characterized by increases in pulse amplitude and frequency, nonpulsatile (basal) release, and irregula...

BACKGROUND Movement alterations are often reported in individuals with back pain. However the mechanisms behind these movement alterations are not well understood. A commonly cited mechanism is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pain reduction, from oral analgesia, on lumbar kinematics in individuals with acute and chronic low back pain. METHODS A prospective, cross-...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which accelerated ovarian ageing may lead to subfertility early in reproductive life and eventually cause early menopause. METHODS The population studied (n = 2393) never used oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy or an intrauterine device. Logistic regression analyses were performed using age at menopause as proxy for ac...

This study was designed to specifically characterize the autonomic phenotype of cardiorespiratory dysregulation during the nighttime in young girls with MECP2 mutation-confirmed Rett Syndrome (RS), studied in their home environment. Computerized breath-to-breath and beat-to-beat characterization of at-home continuously recorded respiratory inductance plethysmography of chest/abdomen and ECG (Vi...

A vertex irregular total k-labeling of a graph G with vertex set V and edge set E is an assignment of positive integer labels {1, 2, ..., k} to both vertices and edges so that the weights calculated at vertices are distinct. The total vertex irregularity strength of G, denoted by tvs(G)is the minimum value of the largest label k over all such irregular assignment. In this paper, we study the to...

Dynamic aspects of R-R intervals have often been analyzed by means of linear and nonlinear measures. The goal of this study was to analyze binary sequences, in which only the dynamic information is retained, by means of two different aspects of regularity. R-R interval sequences derived from 24-h electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of 118 healthy subjects were converted to symbolic binary sequen...

BACKGROUND Anchorage onto permanent dentition is a common procedure in rapid maxillary expansion. However, replacing first permanent molars with the second deciduous molars seems to be an option to reduce some negative side effects during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental effect of rapid maxillary expansion with anchorage exclusively onto deciduous teet...