Although the phylogeny of centipedes has found ample agreement based on morphology, recent analyses incorporating molecular data show major conflict at resolving the deepest nodes in the centipede tree. While some genes support the classical (morphological) hypothesis, others suggest an alternative tree in which the relictual order Craterostigmomorpha, restricted to Tasmania and New Zealand, is...

Triticeae are renowned for their complicated taxonomy, but their phylogeny is equally intricate and perplexing, and remains largely unresolved. Based on morphology and nucleotide sequences from two plastid genes (rbcL, rpoA), one mitochondrial gene (coxII), and two single-copy nuclear genes (DMC1, EF-G), the most comprehensive hypothesis (both with respect to taxa and data points) of the phylog...

Dr. Harald Müller is Director of the Peace Research Institute in Frankfurt. An earlier draft of this paper was prepared for the Aspen Strategy Group Workshop on the “Challenges of Nuclear and Biological Weapons Proliferation,” Aspen, Colorado, August 10-15, 1996. All nuclear weapons programs that concern us today date back to the time of the East-West conflict. The same applies to chemical and ...

The phylogenetic position of hexaploid Elymus repens within the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) was examined using cloned sequences from the low-copy nuclear genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepC) and beta-amylase. A previous analysis of E. repens using data from the nuclear granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene had yielded five phylogenetically distinct gene copies, two more th...

Nup96 is involved in a lethal hybrid incompatibility between 2 fruit fly species, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Recurrent adaptive evolution drove the rapid functional divergence of Nup96 in both the D. melanogaster and the D. simulans lineages. Functional divergence of Nup96 between these 2 species is unexpected as Nup96 encodes part of the Nup107 subcomplex, an architectura...

Experimental studies of one-nucleon knockout from magic nuclei suggest that their nucleon orbits are not fully occupied. This conflicts a commonly accepted view of the shell closure associated with such nuclei. The conflict can be reconciled if the overlap between initial and final nuclear states in a knockout reaction are calculated by a nonstandard method. The method employs an inhomogeneous ...

Nations are accumulating cyber resources in the form of stockpiles of zero-day exploits as well as other novel methods of engaging in future cyber conflict against selected targets. This paper analyzes the optimal timing for the use of such cyber resources. A simple mathematical model is offered to clarify how the timing of such a choice can depend on the stakes involved in the present situatio...

Great progress has been made in predicting and explaining interstate conflict. Improved data, theory, and methods all deserve credit. Yet much remains to be done. First, whereas many variables (e.g., geographical proximity, relative power, alliances, political regime type, economic interdependence) have important effects, even the most successful multivariate analyses leave much of the variance...

Is the Western narrative about Ukraine war correct? If it is, then policies might arguably make sense, even if they entail some risk of nuclear conflict. But is wrong, West basing existential decisions on false premises. a quickly negotiated compromise, one that would spare lives combatants and civilians alike, simultaneously greatly reduce war, not represent appeasement. Rather, be practical n...