this paper is a comparative study of legal aspect of islamic securities (sukuk), between iran (as shia fiqh) malaysia (as the first country that issued sukuk based on sonni fiqh) and england (as a chief western country in sukuk). results indicate many similarities between iran and malaysia rules despite specifications with england rules. different in definition of contract, asset valuation, lim...

When we think on initiatives access to and reuse of data, must consider both the European Intellectual Property Law General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The first one provides a special intellectual property (IP) right – sui generis for those makers that made substantial investment when creating database, whether it contains personal or non-personal data. That can be by just person, but, ...

Intellectual property (IP) rights have always had difficulties to cope with disrup-tive technologies. Development of AI-implemented works and common use it pushes the boundaries IP protection. Increase machines which can inde-pendently act or create things posed a numerous concern patent system such as how will inventive step, prior art, inventorship technical contri-bution evaluated. Neverthel...

M. H. Dehghani and S. H. Hendi Physics Department and Biruni Observatory, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran Research Institute for Astrophysics and Astronomy of Maragha (RIAAM), Maragha, Iran 3 Physics Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran Abstract Considering both the Gauss-Bonnet and the Born-Infeld terms, which are on similar footing with regard to string corre...

Owing to independent topologies and autonomic routing mechanism, the logical networks formed by Internet application business behavior cause the significant influence on the physical networks. In this paper, the backbone traffic of TUNET (Tsinghua University Networks) is measured, further more, the two most important application business: HTTP and P2P are analyzed at IP-packet level. It is show...

Medical ethics is a realm where four important subjects of philosophy, medicine, theology and law are covered. Physicians and philosophers cooperation in this area will have great efficiency in the respective ethical rules formation. In addition to respect the autonomy of the patient, physician's obligation is to ensure that the medical intervention has benefit for the patient and the harm is m...

the existing laws on cultural heritage treasure, significantly limiting the private ownership of treasure, treasure and historical monuments - culture is seen, including article 562 of the penal code to acquire property that any exploration of the historical - cultural prohibited, and committed to prison from six months to three years and sentenced to capture objects artifacts. this question is...