CONTEXT In a recent study, we were unable to measure lidocaine in the human calf at a 5-mm depth via iontophoresis. We surmised that this might be due to a lack of epinephrine in the compound. Because epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, it might allow the drug to pass beyond the capillaries and be delivered to the deeper tissues. OBJECTIVE To determine if iontophoresis could deliver lidocaine w...

conclusions ct is common in middle-aged working females. it affects supraspinatus tendon. it is associated with smoking. occupational risk factors are awkward positions and lifting weights. iontophoresis with 5% acetic acid and ultrasound is a safe, simple and inexpensive technique, capable to reduce pain and calcification, with a recommended degree of scientific evidence (2b). objectives to cl...

Long-lasting, dendritic, Ca(2+)-dependent action potentials (plateaus) were investigated in layer 5 pyramidal neurons from rat neocortical slices visualized by infrared-differential interference contrast microscopy to understand the role of dendritic Ca(2+) spikes in the integration of synaptic input. Focal glutamate iontophoresis on visualized dendrites caused soma firing rate to increase line...

Studying microvascular responses to iontophoresis of vasoconstricting drugs contributes to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cutaneous vessels, but measuring these responses with laser-Doppler flowmetry at basal blood flow conditions is technically challenging. This study aimed to investigate whether the measurement of cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (N...

Therapeutic molecules possessing distinct pharmacokinetic variation, narrow therapeutic index and concentration dependent therapeutic/adverse effects demand constant monitoring. The current methods for blood sampling are invasive and possess low patient compliance. Human skin, selective and effective membrane to chemical permeation, offers an alternative route for the extraction of endogenous m...

Purpose. To compare stromal riboflavin concentration after three corneal cross-linking (CXL) imbibition procedures: standard (EpiOff), transepithelial corneal (EpiOn), and iontophoresis-assisted technique (Ionto) using 0.1% hypotonic riboflavin phosphate. Methods. Randomized open-label pilot clinical study. Twelve corneas/12 patients with advanced keratoconus were randomly divided into 4 groups...

So far, pentazocine iontophoresis has never been studied, although pentazocine is widely used in pain management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentazocine transportation through a cellophane membrane could be enhanced using square-wave alternating current (AC) iontophoresis with an adjusted duty cycle and dependence on the voltage and the duty cycle. Voltages of 10, 25 and...

We read with great interest the recently published article “Extraction of Iron from the Rabbit Anterior Chamber with Reverse Iontophoresis” by Sun et al. [1]. In this experimental study, researchers aimed to use reverse iontophoresis (RI) to extract iron from the anterior chamber noninvasively. However, we think that there are some points that should be emphasized and reconsidered about this st...

The present study examined the effect of topical timolol, a nonspecific beta 1 and beta 2 blocker on reactivation and ocular shedding of latent HSV-1 in an improved mouse iontophoresis model. Latent trigeminal ganglionic infection was established in Balb/C mice following inoculation by corneal scarification with HSV-1 W strain, a clinical isolate, and confirmed by co-cultivation. On day 30, pos...