We present a solvable kinetic lattice model which includes microscopic disorder, namely, random exchange energies ~between pairs of spins! fluctuating randomly with time. This, which may ideally model fast ionic diffusion in magnetic systems, impedes reaching equilibrium, in general. The resulting nonequilibrium steady states exhibit additional randomness which induces complex behavior, includi...

BACKGROUND The ionic mechanism underlying the transient inward current (I(ti)), the current responsible for delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), appears to be different in ventricular myocytes and Purkinje fibers. In ventricular myocytes, I(ti) was ascribed to a Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange current, whereas in Purkinje fibers, it was additionally ascribed to a Cl(-) current and a nonselective cation c...

Dear Sir: In a paper published recently, Jacob et al. (1984) show that electroneutral exchanges that result in a net electroneutral Na-K exchange may hyperpolarize the membrane potential beyond the value calculated by the Mullins-Noda (1963) equation. This effect is mediated by an electrogenic Na-K pump. The authors then argue that a cell with low proton permeability and a Na-H exchange as the ...

The stoichiometry and specificity of lipid-protein interaction, as well as the lipid exchange rates at the protein interface, have been determined from the electron spin resonance spectra of spin-labeled lipids in reconstituted complexes of the mitochondrial ADP-ATP carrier with egg phosphatidylcholine. With the exception of cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid, the lipids studied are found to com...

The effects of the ionophore X-537A on mechanical function and on ionic exchange were studied in the isolated, arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum. X-537A produced an initial positive inotropic response which was, however, transient in this preparation and appeared to be dependent on an effect of the ionophore on catecholamines. The positive inotropy gave way to a progressive dec...

A novel non-plasticized nano-porous hybrid inorganic-organic polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as an anion exchange for application in electrogenerative processes to recover Pd2+ ions. Ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-me­thyl­imidazolium chloride (EMIM-Cl) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM-Cl) were used the carrier molecules polymeric network of PIM enhance p...

Stable aqueous dispersions of citrate-stabilized gold nanorods (cit-GNRs) have been prepared in scalable fashion by surfactant exchange from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized GNRs, using polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) as a detergent. The surfactant exchange process was monitored by infrared spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (...

This article presents the first systematic study of the effect of Relative Humidity (RH) on the water content and hydroxide ion conductivity of quaternary ammonium-based Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes (AAEMs). These AAEMs have been developed specifically for application in alkaline membrane fuel cells, where conductivities of >0.01 S cm(-1) are mandatory. When fully hydrated, an ETFE-based r...

m .cn Adhesion and lateral force were controlled by the formation of a self-assembled monolayer combined with the surface ion exchange of ionic liquids on a silicon surface. In this study, the functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids were designed and synthesized with the aim of controlling surface force. N-[3-(Trimethoxylsilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine molecules were first self-assembled onto a ...

The kinetics of a ligand exchange in the CuL4/H2Ln system, where H2Ln is the N,N'-alkylen-bis(salicyldimine) tetradentate Schiff base ligand (n = 2 or 3, CH2 groups in the chain length of the amine backbone) was studied spectrophotometrically in DMF solvent with or without triethylamine (NEt3) and H2O at 25 ± 0.1 °C and an ionic strength of 0.01 M NaNO3. The reaction rate was found to be first-...