This article describes 1) a methodology for the green synthesis of a class of methylammonium and methylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), 2) how to tune their acid-base properties by anion exchange, 3) complete neat-phase NMR spectroscopic characterisation of these materials and 4) their application as active organocatalysts for base-promoted carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Methylation of t...

For graphene oxide (GO) composite hydrogels, a two-dimensional GO material is introduced into them, whose special structure used to improve their properties. contains abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, which can the mechanical properties of hydrogels and support application needs. Especially, unique-conjugated endow or enhance stimulation response hydrogels. Therefore, have great pot...

In this work we have examined the nitration by acetyl nitrate of a range of activated and deactivated aromatic substrates in two ionic liquids and compared the results to the same reaction in dichloromethane. Both ionic liquids are stable to the reaction conditions, and in both ionic liquids the yields of reaction are higher after unit time than the same reactions in dichloromethane, although t...

It is taught that the chemical bond exists because of a phenomenon that is unique to quantum mechanics (QM). Specifically, the nature of the chemical bond is based on a nonphysical “exchange integral” that is a consequence of a postulated linear combination of product wave-functions, where it is implicit that each point electron with infinite self-electric and magnetic field energies must exist...

We study quantum phase transitions by measuring the bond energy, number density, and half-chain entanglement entropy in one-dimensional ionic Hubbard model. By using matrix product operator to perform infinite density renormalization group, we obtain ground states canonical form of states. Depending on chemical potential staggered potential, shows clear signatures a Mott transition. Our results...

The title Schiff base compound, C(13)H(16)N(3)O(+)·PF(6) (-), was derived from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-benaldehyde with the ionic liquid 1-(2-amino-ethyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium hexa-fluoro-phosphate in an ethanol solution. The asymmetric unit comprises one cation and two PF(6) (-) anions. The dihedral angle between the aromatic and imidazole rings is 15.2 (2)°. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hyd...

The crystal packing of the title compound, C(6)H(11)N(2)O(+)·I(-), can be described as inter-calated layers lying parallel to (010), with the iodide ions located between the cations. A weak intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs within the cation. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯I hydrogen bonds result in the formation of a three-dimensional network and reinforce the cohesion of the ion...

The second-order rate constant (k2) for the esterification of methoxyacetic acid with benzyl alcohol is reported in a range of ionic and molecular solvents. The solvent effects on esterification rate are examined by using a linear solvation energy relationship based on the Kamlet-Taft solvent scales (alpha, beta, and pi*). It is shown that the hydrogen bond basicity of the solvent is the domina...

We propose that protein translocation across membranes is driven by biased random thermal motion. This "Brownian ratchet" mechanism depends on chemical asymmetries between the cis and trans sides of the membrane. Several mechanisms could contribute to rectifying the thermal motion of the protein, such as binding and dissociation of chaperonins to the translocating chain, chain coiling induced b...