S teganography is the art and science of hiding communication; a steganographic system thus embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an eavesdropper’s suspicion. In the past, people used hidden tattoos or invisible ink to convey steganographic content. Today, computer and network technologies provide easy-to-use communication channels for steganography. Essentially,...

When an NS5-brane crosses a D6-brane, a D4-brane is created stretching between them by the Hanany-Witten effect. However, the T-dual situation involves a Kaluza-Klein monopole crossing a D5-brane and should not result in brane creation. Thus, the newly created D4-brane disappears when T-duality is applied. The T-duality is in a direction transverse to the D4-brane so that one would naively have...

Fishburn (1970) showed that in an infinite society Arrow’s axioms for a preference aggregation rule do not necessarily imply a dictator. Kirman and Sondermann (1972) showed that, in this case, nondictatorial rules imply an invisible dictator that, whenever the agent set is an atomless finite measure space, can be viewed as the limit of coalitions of arbitrarily small size. We show first that, w...

Steganography is the process of hiding one medium of communication (text, sound or image) within another. This paper will discuss the tools used to both hide and unhide (know as Steganalysis) information. A look at the history starting with Herodotus in ancient Greece describing secret messages written in wax on stone tablets, to world war two’s secret double meaning Nazi messages and British I...

Though security is nothing new, the way that security has become a part of our daily lives today is unprecedented. Today, steganography is most often associated with the high-tech variety, where data is hidden within other data in an electronic file. Steganography is hidden writing, whether it consists of invisible ink on paper or copyright information hidden in an audio or video file. This wor...

Human observers are constantly bombarded with a vast amount of information. Selective attention helps us to quickly process what is important while ignoring the irrelevant. In this study, we demonstrate that information that has not entered observers' consciousness, such as interocularly suppressed (invisible) erotic pictures, can direct the distribution of spatial attention. Furthermore, invis...

Twentieth century equilibrium modeling depicts an end state toward which an economy tends, whereas the invisible hand, as Adam Smith depicted it, suggests an economy continually progressing as an increased division of labor is produced by growing markets. Thus, there is an inherent tension between the concepts of an equilibrium outcome versus the invisible hand process. The paper discusses diff...

Visual neglect is a relatively common deficit after brain damage, particularly strokes. Cancellation tests provide standard clinical measures of neglect severity and deficits in daily life. A recent single-case study introduced a new variation on standard cancellation. Instead of making a visible mark on each target found, the patient made invisible marks (recorded with carbon paper underneath,...

Purpose: To provide a critical review of Bergman’s 2001 study on the deep web. In addition, we bring a new concept into the discussion, the academic invisible web (AIW). We define the academic invisible web as consisting of all databases and collections relevant to academia but not searchable by the general-purpose internet search engines. Indexing this part of the invisible web is central to s...