conclusions the castings fabricated from the ringless technique with non-precious alloy are acceptable. this investing system is useable for the fabrication of fixed restorations. results after statistical evaluation, the following results were obtained: the mean vertical margin discrepancy for conventional investing was 156.72 ± 64.67µ; for the ringless technique it was 117.3 ± 26.77µ; and for...

Microeconomic lumpiness matters for macroeconomics. According to our DSGE model, it explains roughly 60% of the smoothing in the investment response to aggregate shocks. The remaining 40% is explained by general equilibrium forces. The central role played by micro frictions for aggregate dynamics results in important history dependence in business cycles. In particular, booms feed into themselv...

The distinctive features of reproduction in squirrels are the lack of allometric influences on the duration of reproductive investment; the strong allometric influences on offspring mass; and a trade-off between number and size of young, suggesting an important developmental component to reproduction. Lengths of gestation and lactation do not vary with body size but neonatal and weaning mass do...

Most of the literature on determinants of economic growth in developing countries is based on cross-country analysis and thus only yields some patterns that hold on average. The aim of this paper is to identify aspects of the determinants of growth in Kenya, in particular if aid played a role. The empirical specifications used in cross-country work do not translate easily into country studies: ...

A water distribution network is one of the important parts of infrastructure systems. The efficient management and proactive planning of capital investment of these assets are fundamental for efficient and effective service delivered by water companies. The direct economic costs (i.e. rehabilitation investment, repair costs, water loss, etc.) as well as indirect costs (i.e. service and traffic ...

Life history theory predicts selection for higher reproductive investment in response to increased mortality among mature individuals. We tested this prediction over the period from 1978 to 2013 for three populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland. These populations were heavily fished for a long period. We considered changes in standardized gonad weight as a proxy for changes ...

Over the past decade, the United States has offered investment incentives in the form of larger depreciation savings, namely, bonus depreciation. The neoclassical investment model implies that investment responds to changes in depreciation savings, but there have been few direct attempts to investigate this implication. This paper examines investment patterns surrounding the 1999 shortening of ...

Trees may survive fire through persistence of above or below ground structures. Investment in bark aids in above-ground survival while investment in carbohydrate storage aids in recovery through resprouting and is especially important following above-ground tissue loss. We investigated bark allocation and carbohydrate investment in eight common oak (Quercus) species of Sky Island mountain range...

We study the investment and nancing policies of public U.S. rms. Large rms substitute between debtand equity nancing over the business cycle whereas small rms' nancing policy for debt and equity is pro-cyclical. This paper proposes a novel mechanism that explains these cyclical patterns in a quantitative heterogeneous rm industry model with endogenous rm dynamics. We nd that cross-sectional di ...

I show that investment in housing plays a crucial role in explaining the patterns of cross sectional variation in the composition of wealth and the level of stockholdings observed in portfolio composition data. Due to investment in housing, younger and poorer investors have limited ̄nancial wealth to invest in stocks, which reduces the bene ̄ts of equity market participation. House price risk cr...