Speaking and writing are the productive skills of language and share similar components. In other words, writing and speaking are clearly related activities, but the modes of production are different. In addition, among a number of personality variables in predicting English language proficiency, extraversion/introversion has been extensively studied. This quasi-experimental study aims at explo...

This study was intended to find out any possible effect of topic bias on the writing proficiency of Iranian extrovert/introvert EFL learners at high/low writing proficiency levels. One hundred participants chosen from among 150 adult language learners on the basis of their personality type (extrovert/introvert) and writing proficiency (high/low) took part in this study. They were arranged into ...

The present experiment examines the effects of extraversion and consumption of alcohol on facial and verbal indicators of humor-induced positive affect. Sixty one female students were placed into one of three alcohol conditions (no ethanol, low dose, high dose) and were exposed to 30 slides containing jokes or cartoons. Facial measurements of smiling and laughter, funniness and aversiveness of ...

There is a long-standing interest in hidden temporal patterns in behavior. The current chapter discusses the idea that face-to-face interaction can be construed as having a definite organization or structure, just as language is understood in terms of its grammar. The participant has, within that organization, options he can exercise, including the option of violating aspects of the organizatio...

Online social networks are increasingly consequential in individuals’ professional and personal lives, as many people engage online to create maintain meaningful relationships satisfy their needs for connection. People tend curate representations (profile pictures different websites, videogame avatars, bitmojis, profile page bios, etc.) with almost much regularity corporeal (real-world) self-pr...

Background and Purpose: Recent technological advancements Covid-19 pandemic have prompted more opportunities for online learning. However, there is a dearth of empirical research that focused on high school students. Therefore, this study aims to obtain comprehensive view ESL learners’ involvement or word contributions in ‘normal’ face-to-face situation synchronous text-based environment by rel...

In recent years, language-learning research has been more concerned with factors that may affect the choice of learning strategies among learners. In studies conducted by Cohen (1990), Ehrman and Oxford (1995), MacIntyre and Gardner (1989) and Reid (1987), these factors have been identified as motivation, gender, learning style, previous experience, and personality type. This study attempts to ...