Background: Crystalline retinopathy has many disparate etiologies with varying potentials in visual outcome. Due to the potential severity of these outcomes, differentiation etiology is critical guide both follow up and treatment regimen. Diagnosis can be facilitated a thorough medical history, clinical presentation, imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Case Report: This case dem...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of legal blindness in individuals over 60 years of age, characterized by the dysfunction of retinal pigmented epithelium cells, specifically in the macular area. Despite several treatment options, AMD therapy remains difficult, especially for exudative AMD. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with great plasticity and immunomodula...

Background Accumulating evidence on the causal role of spinal cord microglia activation in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury suggests that microglial activation inhibitors might be useful analgesics for neuropathic pain. Studies also have shown that polyamidoamine dendrimer may function as a drug delivery vehicle to microglia in the central nervous system. In thi...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) for the management of postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective study of patients with postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage who were administered 4 mg (0.1 cc) of triamcinolone acetonide ophthalmic suspension. Ocular history, adverse events, BCVA, intraocular ...

Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has gained widespread use in the treatment of a variety of neovascular and inflammatory intraocular conditions, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, chronic cystoid macular edema, and chronic uveitis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mm Hg occurs in approximately 42% of eyes following IVTA. Most of these patients are su...