Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has increasingly been applied as treatment for various intraocular neovascular and oedematous diseases. Comparing the various diseases with respect to effect and side-effects of the treatment, the best response in terms of gain in visual acuity (VA) has been achieved for intraretinal oedematous diseases such as diffuse diabetic macular oedema, branch ...

Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are widely used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Although these treatments are effective, multiple injections have recently been recommended to ensure that there is a good long-term prognosis. However, sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations have been reported to develop after m...

Aim: This study investigates whether the post intravitreal injection intraocular pressure (IOP) spike is modifiable with the use of prophylactic apraclonidine and dorzolomide. Methods: The study design was a prospective, randomised controlled trial. 80 eyes undergoing intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent were studied. A control group (n = 42) received no IOP lowering drops, and a study gro...

Ophthalmic drug delivery to the posterior segment of eye has been challenging due complex ocular anatomy. Intravitreal injection drugs was introduced deliver therapeutic doses in segment. Different diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic edema, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis, and cystoid among others, have historically treated with intravitreal corticosteroids injections...

Dear Editor, W e have read the article by Abu-Yahgi [1] with great interest. The authors share their experience with bilateral same-session intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF). They report a single case of endophthalmitis in a series of 342 injections of 74 patients and compare their results with their 3634 cases of unilateral injections with 2 cases o...

Cotton-Tip Applicator Lid Retraction Technique for Controlled Intravitreal Injection Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for retinal, vascular, and macular disease has become one of the most commonly performed medical procedures worldwide. Safety, cost, and patient comfort issues are thus of huge importance. The majority of retina specialists uses a lid spec...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate short-term effects and safety of an acute increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) after single-dose intravitreal bevacizumab injection on corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness. METHODS Forty-two patients who underwent intravitreal injection of 2.5 mg/0.1 ml bevacizumab because of central serous chorioretinopathy or diabetic ...

BACKGROUND While the development of targeted molecular therapy to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has revolutionized the treatment and visual prognosis of highly prevalent retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, each intravitreal injection of these agents carries a small risk of endophthalmitis which can be visually devastating. In t...

PURPOSE To compare the anesthetic effectiveness of topical proparacaine drops, subconjunctival lidocaine, and 2% lidocaine gel. METHODS Ninety-two patients undergoing intravitreal injections were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: proparacaine 0.5% drops (Group Drops), proparacaine 0.5% drops plus subconjunctival lidocaine (Group SC), or 2% lidocaine gel (Group Gel). Patients were asked to score th...