Fluid shear stress has been shown to modulate various endothelial functions, including gene expression. In this study, we examined the effect of fluid shear stress on the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), a novel receptor for atherogenic oxidized LDL in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Exposure of BAECs to the physiological range of shear stress (1 to 1...

Cerebral oedema is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity during the first day of conventional treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatric patients. It is possible that therapy contributes to its development. Risk factors that predispose to cerebral oedema should lead to an expansion of the intracellular and/or the extracellular fluid compartment(s) of the brain because water no...

Joseph, Dilip, Omar Tirmizi, Xiao-Ling Zhang, Edward D. Crandall, and Richard L. Lubman. Polarity of alveolar epithelial cell acid-base permeability. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282: L675–L683, 2002. First published November 30, 2001; 10.1152/ajplung.00330.2001.—We investigated acid-base permeability properties of electrically resistive monolayers of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) grown...

It is known that papaverine and isoprenaline stop the spontaneous spike discharge, usually with some hyperpolarization (1-6). The action of fl-adrenergic stimulants is thought to be related to the ability of these drugs to increase the intracellular level of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic 3', 5'-AMP) in the smooth muscles. In the iso lated smooth muscle, catecholamine-induced rel...

It is vital that cells respond rapidly to mechanical cues within their microenvironment through changes in cell shape and volume, which rely upon the mechanical properties of cells' highly interconnected cytoskeletal networks and intracellular fluid redistributions. While previous research has largely investigated deformation mechanics, we now focus on the immediate cell-shape recovery response...

Gemmill (1940, 1941)andGemmill&Hamann (1941), confirmed by Hechter, Levine & Soskin (1941) and by Stadie (1944), showed that surviving rat diaphragm can synthesize glycogen from added glucose. The rate of this synthesis may be increased by addition of insulin in vitro. Following these findings the in vitro synthesis of glycogen from glucose as well as glycogenolysis by muscle were further inves...

The electrical properties of biological tissues can be described by a complex tensor comprising a simple expression of the effective admittivity. The effective admittivities of biological tissues depend on scale, applied frequency, proportions of extra- and intracellular fluids, and membrane structures. The effective admittivity spectra of biological tissue can be used as a means of characteriz...

Foxj1a is necessary and sufficient to specify motile cilia. Using transcriptional studies and slow-scan two-photon live imaging capable of identifying the number of motile and immotile cilia, we now established that the final number of motile cilia depends on Notch signalling (NS). We found that despite all left-right organizer (LRO) cells express foxj1a and the ciliary axonemes of these cells ...

With an in vitro model using enclosed intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDUs) isolated from wild-type and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype 2 knockout mice, we tested the effects of somatostatin, secretin, and a selective SSTR2 agonist (L-779976) on fluid movement across the bile duct epithelial cell layer. By RT-PCR, four of five known subtypes of SSTRs (SSTR1, SSTR2A/2B, SSTR3, and SSTR4, but...