Heart murmurs are a common finding during physical examination of children but most of them are innocent or normal.recognizing the etiology of heart murmurs can help us in differential diagnosis of them.the peresent study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and etiology of heart murmurs  in 4761 school children.the sex ratio was nearly 1:1 ,murmurs were heard in 459 students (9.64%) with...

Whole-cell patch clamp recording and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of P2X receptors on rat parasympathetic ganglion neurons of the otic, sphenopalatine, submandibular, intracardiac and paratracheal ganglia. Neurons from all five ganglia responded to ATP with a rapidly activating, sustained inward current. Neurons of intracardiac and paratracheal ganglia were insen...

T he concept that a catheter could be used for intracardiac therapy was first put into practice in 19641 with the dilation of acquired peripheral vascular stenosis by graduated rigid dilators. Isolated cases of intracardiac therapy with a catheter had appeared as early as 19532; however, the balloon atrial septostomy developed by Dr. Rashkind and reported in 19663 was the first pediatric and th...

Progressive dyspnea and hypoxaemia in the subacute phase after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are uncommon and warrant immediate assessment of valve and prosthesis leaflet function to exclude thrombosis, as well as investigation for other causes related to the procedure, such as left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, and respiratory sepsis. In this case, we report the...