Campylobacter jejuni promotes commensalism in the intestinal tracts of avian hosts and diarrheal disease in humans, yet components of intestinal environments recognized as spatial cues specific for different intestinal regions by the bacterium to initiate interactions in either host are mostly unknown. By analyzing a C. jejuni acetogenesis mutant defective in converting acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-Co...

Intestinal bacteria have been shown to be important in regulating host intermediary metabolism and contributing to obesity. However, relatively less is known about the effect of intestinal bacteria on the expression of hepatic drug-processing genes in the host. This study characterizes the expression of hepatic drug-processing genes in germ-free (GF) mice using RNA-Seq. Total RNA were isolated ...

Intestinal bacteria have been shown to be important in regulating host intermediary metabolism and contributing to obesity. However, relatively less is known about the effect of intestinal bacteria on the expression of hepatic drug-processing genes in the host. This study characterizes the expression of hepatic drug-processing genes in germ-free (GF) mice using RNA-Seq. Total RNA were isolated ...

The dissolution, intestinal absorption and presystemic metabolism of a drug depend on its physicochemical characteristics but also on numerous physiological (e.g. gastrointestinal pH, volume, transit time, morphology) and biochemical factors (e.g. luminal enzymes and flora, intestinal wall enzymes and transporters). Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated indicating that these factors ma...

The structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) matures rapidly in the period immediately before and after birth, but inadequate intestinal maturation often lead to digestive problems during this critical period. Oral milk intake is known to induce a marked GIT maturation in newborns. It is not clear whether oral intake of amniotic fluid by fetuses has a corresponding role before...

In its acute forms, pancreatitis is a severe and frequently fatal disease, characterized biochemically by intrapancreatic activation of very powerful digestive enzymes.'0 The activation of these enzymes results in hydrolytic cleavage of cellular structures followed by generalized pancreatic necrosis, peritonitis, and vasomotor collapse."'8 In its chronic forms, pancreatitis is a disabling disea...

FGF21 is a hormonal factor with important functions in the control of metabolism. FGF21 is found in rodent and human milk. Radiolabeled FGF21 administered to lactating dams accumulates in milk and is transferred to neonatal gut. The small intestine of neonatal (but not adult) mice highly expresses β-Klotho in the luminal area. FGF21-KO pups fed by FGF21-KO dams showed decreased expression and c...

To investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions on intestinal maturation, we cultured embryonic epithelial cells in several experimental conditions. Microexplants of 14-15 days fetal rat intestinal endoderm, separated from the mesenchyme by collagenase, were seeded on dishes coated with different extracellular matrix components (collagens I, III, IV, fibronectin, laminin) or on c...

Phytoconstituents epigallocatechin gallate and withaferin A, found in Camellia sinensis (Kangra green tea) Withania sominifera (Ashwagandha) respectively, were explored for their binding affinity towards various enzymes involved the skin-aging process. Epigallocatechin A analyzed physiochemical properties, drug-likeness human intestinal absorptivity using Data Warrior, Molsoft SwissADME (boiled...

Zymogram studies of peptide hydrolases from the human intestinal brush border and cytoplasmic fractions produced multiple bands--that is, up to seven--while the brush border membrane produced only a single band of enzyme activity. With all of the substrates tested except L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine, a band having anodic mobility identical with that produced by the brush border enzymes was produ...