BACKGROUND Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant mutants have been shown to emerge after interruption of suppressive NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) using routine testing. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of resistance by sensitive testing and correlate the detection of resistance with NNRTI concentrations after treatment interruption and virolo...

Memory for goals theory (Altmann & Trafton, 2002) describes how people suspend and resume an interrupted task by encoding, or rehearsing, the current problem state at the point of interruption and recalling this state after the interruption. In this work we investigated the timing of the encoding process, attempting to determine the most likely strategies for when to perform encoding of interru...

As users continue offloading more control and responsibility to the computer, coordinating the asynchronous interactions between the user and computer is becoming increasingly important. Without proper coordination, an application attempting to gain the user’s attention risks interrupting the user in the midst of performing another task. To justify why an application should avoid interrupting t...

In most parts of the world, it is generally considered impolite or even rude to pick up an incoming mobile phone call and to have a longer (and loud) conversation in public places. Yet this type of interruption is generally acceptable in Hong Kong. This inspired the authors to ask: How does Hong Kong culture impact the perception of mobile phone interruption? This research note is about an ethn...

Although a wealth of research has examined the effects of virtual interruptions, human-initiated interruptions are common in many work settings. An experiment compared performance on a primary data-entry task during human-initiated (human) versus computer-initiated (virtual) interruptions. Participants completed blocks of trials that featured either an interruption from a computer or an interru...

The consequences of interrupting someone in the middle of a complex task are of considerable practical and theoretical interest. We examine one behavioral measure of the disruption caused by task interruption, namely the resumption lag, or the time needed to “collect one’s thoughts” and restart a task after an interruption is over. The resumption lag (in our task environment) was double the int...

UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to study the virological outcomes associated with two different types of treatment interruption strategies in patients with allergic reactions to nevirapine (NVP). We compared the virological outcomes of (1) HIV-1-infected patients who discontinued an initial NVP-based regimen because of cutaneous allergic reactions to NVP; different types ...

The basic objective in smart meeting cinematography is to interpret professional interactions involving people, and automatically produce dynamic recordings of discussions, debates, presentations etc in the presence of multiple communication modalities. Typical modalities include gestures (e.g., raising one’s hand for a question, applause), voice and interruption, electronic apparatus (e.g., pr...

In a forthcoming Brookings volume (Protecting the American Homeland, by Michael O’Hanlon, Peter Orszag, Ivo Daalder, Mac Destler, David Gunter, Robert Litan, and James Steinberg), we propose a homeland security strategy to deter extremely destructive terrorist attacks. The standard we set for focusing homeland security efforts is the prevention of those attacks that would involve the loss of th...

hospital4-7. However a large study in two Australian teaching hospitals found that interruptions to nurses during medication administration were significantly associated with more medication errors and more severe errors7. Interruptions have been identified as a risk factor for task errors in other industries as well8-12. An example is the aviation industry which implemented the “sterile cockpi...