Medially single hip joint knee-ankle-foot orthosis (MSH-KAFO) such as the Walkabout or Primewalk is effective in restoring a stable standing posture in paraplegia. To evaluate the energy consumption of during walking with the Walkabout and the Primewalk, both using the FES system, T12 level complete paraplegic subject participated in this study. We measured oxygen consumption during self-select...

BACKGROUND Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling is used by spinal cord injury patients to facilitate neurologic recovery and may also be useful for progressive MS patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of home FES cycling in progressive MS and to explore how it changes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels. METHODS Five patients with primary or se...

This study determined the metabolic and hemodynamic responses in eight spinal cord injured (SCI) quadriplegics (C5-C8/T1) performing subpeak arm crank exercise (ACE) alone, subpeak functional electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise (FES-LCE) alone, and subpeak FES-LCE concurrent with subpeak ACE (hybrid exercise). Subjects completed 10 minutes of each exercise mode during which steady-state o...

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) of stroke patients in a sitting position on balance and activities of daily living. [Methods] FES was applied to stroke patients (six male, three female) while in a sitting and supine position. FES was applied six times for 30 minutes each for a total of six weeks. [Results] The timed up and go (TUG) values ...

To investigate the roles of different sulfur (S) species in controlling the partitioning and bioavailability of inorganic mercury (Hg) in anoxic sediments, we examined the differential binding of Hg with three key S species in anoxic sediment (mackinawite [FeS], pyrite [FeS2], and S(2-)) and then quantified their extraction by the gut juice of deposit-feeding sipunculans Sipunculus nudus. A seq...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the orthotic and therapeutic effects of daily community applied FES to the ankle dorsiflexors in a randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that children receiving the eight-week FES treatment would demonstrate orthotic and therapeutic effects in gait and spasticity as well as better community mobility and balance skills compared to cont...

The aim of tis report is to describe the effects of a dual-channel functional electrical stimulation (FES) system applied daily as an orthotic device to the dorsiflexors and hamstrings muscles in a subject with chronic hemiparesis. Prior to the application of FES, the patient's gait was characterized by a footdrop and knee hyperextension during stance. measurements of gait performance were coll...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been investigated in chronic hemiplegia. The present study examines whether FES, given during acute stroke, was more effective in promoting motor recovery of the lower extremity and walking ability than standard rehabilitation alone. METHODS Forty-six subjects, 70.9+/-8.0 years old and 9.2+/-4.1 days after...

The role of fungal endophytes (FEs) as "pioneer" decomposers has recently been recognized; however, the extent to which FEs contribute to litter loss is less well understood. The genetic and enzymatic bases of FE-mediated decomposition have also rarely been addressed. The effects of populations and individuals (with an emphasis on two dominant Lophodermium taxa) of FEs on needle-litter decompos...