Suggestions on international cooperation in climate policy beyond 2012 include substituting or complementing international environmental agreements (IEA) with technology oriented agreements (TOA). We look at the impact of TOA on environmental cooperation in the framework of coalition stability. Using a numerical model, we analyze the differences of several TOA and how they interact. We find tha...

At the meeting on Science, Research and Development, organized by the European Commission and held April 19-24 in Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands, 48 projects with participation from 75 laboratories in 17 European countries were presented. The multicenter approach once more stressed the idea that environmental problems are global, and we should try to solve them in cooperation with various cou...

INFO-RNA is a new web server for designing RNA sequences that fold into a user given secondary structure. Furthermore, constraints on the sequence can be specified, e.g. one can restrict sequence positions to a fixed nucleotide or to a set of nucleotides. Moreover, the user can allow violations of the constraints at some positions, which can be advantageous in complicated cases. The INFO-RNA we...

Experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Union (EU), the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and other organizations summarized existing and planned collaborations on emerging infectious diseases. The session was chaired by David Heymann, WHO, and James LeDuc, CDC. One speaker, V. Ramalingaswami, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, summarized lessons learned from...

Background: Dust is one of the most important forms of air pollution. Pursuant to Article 21 of the declaration on the principle of non-harmful use of land, states are responsible, in accordance with the charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, for arranging for activities within their competence or oversight to cause harm to the environment of other countries or r...

Précis This debate article highlights the challenges of health situation in Iran and some influencing or relevant factors such as health sector, welfare system and social protection, social exclusion and civil society from the viewpoint of an international partner. Some advanced experiences in Iranian health system and the manner of system for international cooperation have also been discussed.

increases confusion in the opponent’s mind. This process is command-led, with human decision making primary and technology playing a secondary role. Shared understanding and information superiority are key enablers in this process and are fundamental to network-centric warfare (www.dodccrp.org). In addressing interoperability requirements, we must also address data security, control over semitr...

Relationship marketing literature suggests that concepts such as trust, integration, and relationship openness tend to increase cooperation and commitment among channels of distribution partners. However, can relationship marketing theory be extended to international strategic alliances in the manufacturer–distribution channel context? More specifically, can cooperation and commitment among int...

among others internal, regional, international, political, economic, technical, social and cultural factors are reasons that theorists introduce for beginning of integration at a region. by looking at the functions of the shanghai cooperation organization and the association of southeast asian nations (asean), we understand that there are two basic pragmatic factors, the support of the great po...

Background Institut Pasteur International Network (IPIN), which includes 32 research institutes around the world, is a network of research and expertise to fight against infectious diseases. A scientometric approach was applied to describe research and collaboration activities of IPIN.   Methods Publications were identified using a manual search of IPIN member addresses in Science Citation Inde...