The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the major protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it mediates transport of ATP and ADP. Changes in its permeability, induced by voltage or apoptosis-related proteins, have been implicated in apoptotic pathways. The three-dimensional structure of VDAC has recently been determined as a 19-stranded β-barrel with an in-lying N-terminal helix....

The measurement of ground state magnetic dipole moments of nuclei far from the line of β stability can provide much needed information on the progression of single-particle states to test current nuclear structure models. Since the observation by Asahi et al. [1] that spin-polarized nuclei are produced at angles away from the central beam axis in intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions, signifi...

Asymmetric Michael additions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to N-substituted maleimides were carried out using primary amine-(thio)phosphoramide bifunctional chiral organocatalysts derived from optically pure C2-symmetric 1,2-diamines. The addition ethyl 2-fluoroacetoacetate the 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine thiophosphoramide catalyst afforded various succinimides substituted with fluorine bearin...

In this article, we evaluate glycosyl dithiocarbamates (DTCs) with unprotected C2 hydroxyls as donors in β-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. We report a mild, one-pot conversion of glycals into β-glycosyl DTCs via DMDO oxidation with subsequent ring opening by DTC salts, which can be generated in situ from secondary amines and CS2. Glycosyl DTCs are readily activated with Cu(I) or Cu(II) trifla...

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are constantly formed in cellular DNA due to instability of the glycosidic bond, particularly at purines and various oxidized, alkylated, or otherwise damaged nucleobases. AP sites are also generated by DNA glycosylases that initiate DNA base excision repair. These lesions represent a significant block to DNA replication and are extremely mutagenic. Some DNA gly...

We present an adaptive online gradient descent algorithm to solve online convex optimization problems with long-term constraints, which are constraints that need to be satisfied when accumulated over a finite number of rounds T , but can be violated in intermediate rounds. For some user-defined trade-off parameter β ∈ (0, 1), the proposed algorithm achieves cumulative regret bounds of O(Tmax{β,...

Oxidative stress in cells can lead to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidation of DNA precursors. Oxidized purine nucleotides can be inserted into DNA during replication and repair. The main pathway for correcting oxidized bases in DNA is base excision repair (BER), and in vertebrates DNA polymerase β (pol β) provides gap filling and tailoring functions. Here we report that the DNA...

background: mutations in β -globin gene may result in β-thalassemia major, which is one of the most common genetic dis­or­ders in iran and some other countries. knowing the beta-globin mutation spectrum improves the efficiency of prenatal diagno­sis in the affected fetuses (major β-thalassemia) of heterozygote couples. methods: couples with high hemoglobin a 2 and low mean corpuscular volume we...