abstract considering the dominance of public open space use, over the use of private open space of single-family housing, in large cities in iran, an important issue in programming for designing open spaces of residential complexes is to facilitate the appropriate development of the children in open spaces. the present paper attempts to provide a flexible framework for tackling the challenge of...

  In this paper imprecise target models has been proposed to investigate the relation between imprecise data envelopment analysis (IDEA) and mini-max reference point formulations. Through these models, the decision makers' preferences are involved in interactive trade-off analysis procedures in multiple objective linear programming with imprecise data. In addition, the gradient projection type...

the present study explored the rhetorical representation of authorial identity signaled by interactive/interactional metadiscourse strategies and integral/non-integral citation patterns in international and iranian local research article discussion sections. the study also explored variation in metadiscourse and citation resources across three subdisciplines of language testing, english languag...

this study investigated two major types of metadiscourse markers as used in typical sales contracts, written by english natives and iranian non-natives. in so doing, 60 sales contracts were selected, 30 written by native english and 30 by iranian non-natives. based on hyland and tse’s taxonomy, the contracts were codified and classified in terms of the frequency and percentage of the interactiv...

Since their introduction in 2008, the non-interactive zeroknowledge (NIZK) and non-interactive witness indistinguishable (NIWI) proofs designed by Groth and Sahai have been used in numerous applications. In this paper, we offer two contributions to the study of these proof systems. First, we identify and correct some errors, present in the oringal online manuscript, that occur in two of the thr...

Despite technological, interaction and co-located collaboration advances on multi-touch interactive tables there is little or no knowledge of how people communicate around these surfaces. Communication is important as it acts as a tool for human to express themselves. Through communication we are able to share information, ideas and emotions; make decisions and build relationships with people. ...

Background Background Background Background Background Among developing countries, Singapore has achieved one of the highest rates of diffusion of information technology (Wong, 1996). Singapore has also been consistently rated as having among the best telecommunications infrastructure in the world according to the annual World Competitiveness Report (IMD, 1996). The high degree of " informatiza...

the present study aimed at investigating whether vocabulary-learning strategies had any impact on the vocabulary learning of iranian efl learners. the participants of the study were 67 male and female undergraduate university students, majoring in english translation and english literature at islamic azad university, north tehran branch, who were taking “reading comprehension ii” course. in ord...