Weighted kappa is a widely used statistic for summarizing inter-rater agreement on a categorical scale. For rating scales with three categories, there are seven versions of weighted kappa. It is shown analytically how these weighted kappas are related. Several conditional equalities and inequalities between the weighted kappas are derived.The analytical analysis indicates that the weighted kapp...

This paper describes a system for interannotator agreement analysis of ERE annotation, focusing on entity mentions and how the higher-order annotations such as EVENTS are dependent on those entity mentions. The goal of this approach is to provide both (1) quantitative scores for the various levels of annotation, and (2) information about the types of annotation inconsistencies that might exist....

Although prior literature has explored the important process of identity communication in faceto-face settings, significant changes in how work is accomplished in modern organizations require the development of new theory. Building on extensive identity research in non-virtual settings, this paper develops and justifies a new theoretical model that better explains the antecedents of virtual ide...

The level of agreement among participants is a key aspect of gesture elicitation studies, and it is typically quantified by means of agreement rates (AR). We show that this measure is problematic, as it does not account for chance agreement. The problem of chance agreement has been extensively discussed in a range of scientific fields in the context of inter-rater reliability studies. We review...

In a virtualized multi-hosting environment, communication exists on different levels of abstractions and between different entities. Guest domains on the same machine communicate with each other via shared memory and message passing while guest domains on different machines communicate with each other over the local network. S ignificant performance overhead still exists in part of the communic...

This memo discusses the strategy for address assignment of the existing 32-bit IPv4 address space with a view toward conserving the address space and limiting the growth rate of global routing state. This document obsoletes the original Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR) spec in RFC 1519, with changes made both to clarify the concepts it introduced and, after more than twelve years, to updat...

This paper examines the network routing messages exchanged between core Internet backbone routers. Internet routing instability, or the rapid fluctuation of network reachability information, is an important problem currently facing the Internet engineering community. High levels of network instability can lead to packet loss, increased network latency and time to convergence. At the extreme, hi...

1 This study presented a model-based image-matching (MBIM) motion analysis 2 technique for ankle joint kinematic measurement. Five cadaveric below-hip 3 specimens were manipulated through a full range of ankle joint motions in bare-foot 4 and shoed conditions. The ankle motions were analyzed by bone-pin marker-based 5 motion analysis and MBIM motion analysis techniques respectively. The root me...

We present the set of protocols and procedures that constitute Inter-Domain Policy Routing (IDPR). IDPR includes the virtual gateway protocol, the flooding protocol, the route server query protocol, the route generation procedure, the path control protocol, and the data message forwarding procedure. Contributors The following people have contributed to the protocols and procedures described in ...