Carl Gustav Jung, the   founder   of   the   analytical   psychology   in the twentieth century   believes    that   under   the   appearance   of   human   consciousness   exists   an eternal collective unconscious   which is   part   of   the   hereditary   psychological   factor   common in the entire human race. He successfully introduced   the common archetypes in the mythology of   the di...

In this article, we have attempted to scrutinize Freud’s psychological analysis of man and God. Four different interpretations of this Freudian analysis have been examined hereunder. Freud believes that religion is the outcome of wishful thinking or fear. Freud’s views on the origin of religion have been stated in a detailed fashion in his works on psychoanalysis. His The Future of an Illus...

Languages for the specification of access-control policies should support language features that allow for policies to be written in a clear manner. This work presents a set of language features found in current access-control languages and formalizes a set of intuitive properties the author believes to be relevant to policy clarity. The author analyzes access-control languages with respect to ...

A doctor has a duty to give his patient what he believes to be the best treatment. An ethical prerequisite of recommending her to enter a randomised clinical trial (RCT), in which his patient will be randomly allotted to one of two or more treatments, is, as Michael Baum in his chapter stresses, that he is ignorant about their relative efficacy and, hence, justifiably indifferent as to which sh...

relying on and refuting some viewpoints of the theosophists concerning god as being creator, ghazālī contravenes the similitude between the exalted god and the creatures, since he believes that according to these arguments and the analysis he makes on the causality and the causal necessity, the world cannot be divinely made. he examines this contravention in terms of action, actor, and the comm...

W e show how co construct public-key cryptosysterns that are fair, that is, strike a good balance, in a democratic country, between the needs of the Government and those of the Citizens. Fair public-key cryptosystems guarantee that: (1) the systcm cannot be misused by criminal organizations and ( 2 ) the Citizens rnantain exactly the same rights to privacy they currently have under the law. We ...

According to contemporary representationalism, phenomenal qualia—of specifically sensory experiences—supervene on representational content. Most arguments for representationalism share a common, phenomenological premise: the so-called ‘‘transparency thesis.’’ According to the transparency thesis, it is difficult—if not impossible—to distinguish the quality or character of experiencing an object...

fakhr al-dīn al-rāzī, theologian and philosopher of the 12th centuriy (1148-1209), has a huge literary production in many scholary disciplines of his time. nothwithstanding some original ideas which are mostly found in his theological and philosophical writings, most of his other works are compilations based on other sources. some of these sources still exist, while most of the others seem to h...

the aim of this study is to find the effect of trader’s biorhythmic cycles on their perceptual decisions in tehran stock exchange. according to author’s point of view, decision making is one of the major factors of management skills, and in some cases, it is equivalent of management (simon’s point of view). also considering this fact that the knowledge of psychological factors and it’s effects ...