With the advent of the knowledge economy, knowledge is the principal economic asset and its management and protection have become the cornerstones of an organization strategy. Due to the increasing importance of knowledge, private firms and public institutions such as universities, colleges and research institutes have discovered the importance of protecting and managing their intellectual prop...

This study was aimed at developing a method for measuring the relationship between intellectual capital and project manager competencies. Intellectual capital consist human capital, structural capital and relational capital. Project manager competencies have been evaluated based on IPMA Competence Baseline (ICB) and Project Manager Competency Development Framework (PMCDF) includes knowledge, sk...

The main purpose of this research is preparing a suitable management and intelligence sample based on an intellectual capital or comparative approach. The present research is  a correlation descriptive type which has been done by a survey method. In this research for gathering the required data ,  two self-constructed questionnaires have been used the intellectual capital and knowledge manageme...

This paper investigates the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in shaping the GSM industry. This industry is an example of a high-tech industry in which standards play a large role. In the process of designing the GSM standard, a lot of attention has been given to IPRs, mainly to avoid a situation in which a single IPR holder could hamper or even totally block the development of the st...

This article focuses on the interaction between intellectual property rights (IPRs) regimes and committee-based standards development organisations (SDOs) in terms of the commodification of knowledge. IPRs and SDOs are institutions that are designed to codify technical knowledge with quite different purposes though. The resulting documents describe a private right (patent) or a public good (a s...

We build a multi-sectoral North–South trade model to analyze international intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. By comparing the Nash equilibrium IPR protection standard of the South (the developing countries) with that of the North (the developed countries), we find that the former is naturally weaker than the latter. Moreover, we show that both regions can gain from an agreement tha...

An extensive empirical literature indicates that returns from innovation are appropriated primarily via mechanisms other than formal intellectual property rights – and that ‘imitation’ is itself a costly activity. However most theory assumes the pure nonrivalry of ‘ideas’ with its implication that, in the absence of intellectual property (for example under an ‘open source’ regime), innovation (...

I study the incentives of Cournot duopolists to share their technologies with their competitor in markets where intellectual property rights are absent and imitation is costless. The trade-off between a signaling effect and an expropriation effect determines the technology-sharing incentives. In equilibrium at most one firm shares some of its technologies. For similar technology distributions, ...