This paper considers a generalized fuzzy random version of bottleneck spanning tree problem in which edge costs are fuzzy random variables. The problem is to find an optimal spanning tree under chance constraint with respect to possibility measure of bottleneck (maximum cost) edge of spanning tree. The problem is first transformed into a deterministic equivalent problem. Then its subproblem is ...

Monte Carlo integration is a powerful method for computing the value of complex integrals using probabilistic techniques. This document explains the math involved in Monte Carlo integration. First I give an overview of discrete random variables. Then I show how concepts from discrete random variables can be combined with calculus to reason about continuous random variables. Finally, with a know...

sustainability is a concept that emphasizes substantially on investments conservation (natural, social and economic) toward intra-generation equity. when sustainable development is achieved an overlapping is created between ecological, economic and social classes. the goal of this study is to measure and evaluate watershed sustainability. in order to evaluate sustainability in zidasht basin 1, ...

conclusions as the majority of the staff had average level of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence and others were lower than average, it seems necessary for authorities to explore the reasons for job dissatisfaction to prevent job burnout, depression and developing a sense of helplessness in the staff. it is also recommended to hold educational workshops for the staff especially who are...

this article uses seasonal integration and co integration techniques to test the hypothesis of neutrality of money, using data from the iranian economy. seasonal data for the three variables of money supply, output and prices show that (increase in) money supply and the price level are co integrated at zero frequency, but one does not see such a relationship between (increase in) money supply a...