Referring to the understanding of landscape as a cultural construct, notion is constituted by its essential elements: system, people, and itself. The nexus between these elements was philosophically developed in recent discourse that challenges separation natural heritage. This "segregation" based originally on hegemony western values, which heritage resides mainly monuments sites; meanwhile, f...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, has lost many coding and noncoding regions in its genome during the course of evolution. We performed region-of-difference (RD) analysis using PCR-based genotyping of 131 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates obtained from four different countries, namely, India, Peru, Libya, and Angola. Our studies revealed that RD patterns are oft...

A defining feature of the eukaryotic genome is the presence of linear chromosomes. This arrangement, however, poses several challenges with regard to chromosomal replication and maintenance. To prevent the loss of coding sequences and to suppress gross chromosomal rearrangements, linear chromosomes are capped by repetitive nucleoprotein structures, called telomeres. Each cell division results i...

INTRODUCTION Bimanual hand coordination is very important in carrying out day to day activities like buttoning the shirt, driving, picking up objects. It depends on various factors like age, gender, education, intactness of central and peripheral nervous system, Occupation and lifestyle. AIM The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of bimanual hand coordination between right handed ...

As phospholipids are synthesized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial inner membranes, how cells properly distribute specific phospholipids to diverse cellular membranes is a crucial problem for maintenance of organelle-specific phospholipid compositions. Although the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) was proposed to facilitate phospholipid transfer between the E...

INTRODUCTION Today, with the tremendous potential of genomics and other recent advances in science, the role of science to improve reliable DNA extraction methods is more relevant than ever before. The ideal process for genomic DNA extraction demands high quantities of pure, integral and intact genomic DNA (gDNA) from the sample with minimal co-extraction of inhibitors of downstream processes. ...

The outer membrane porin proteins are the major factors in controlling the permeability of cell membrane. OmpF is an example of porin proteins in Esherichia coli. In normal growth condition a large amount of this protein is synthesised, but under stress condition, such as the presence of antibiotics in environment its expression is decreased inhibiting the entrance of antibiotics into cell. The...

Kinetoplast-mitochondrial vesicles from Leishmania tropica promastigotes were prepared by subjecting the particulate fractions from cell lysates to floatation ultracentrifugation in renografin gradients. They formed a distinct band with a density of 1.19 to 1.22 g/ml and appeared homogeneous as judged by phase microscopy. They showed succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity as well as the inco...

Introduction: The load-dependent collageneous fiber organization in the joint cartilage determines the biomechanical properties of this tissue. It has been shown that the deformation mechanisms of the collagen network under compressive load depend on the morphological and structural intactness of the cartilage [1, 2]. Thus, the analysis of load-reactions of joint cartilage could be a successful...

In many different cells, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecules are clustered in membrane microdomains that resist extraction by detergents at 4 degrees C. In this report, we identified the presence of such domains in human erythrocytes and examined the ability of exogenously-added GPI-anchored molecules to colocalize with the endogenous GPI-anchored proteins in these detergent-i...