methods in this study, 16 skilled female gymnasts (mean age of 9.62 ± 1.45 years) were randomly categorized to two general warm-up with no stretching (ns, n=8) and general warm-up plus static stretching (ss, n=8) groups. the warm-up protocol included a 10-minute jogging, and the static stretch (ss) protocol included stretching programs on the different parts of body during four weeks, three tim...

Introduction:   Muscle weakness and balance problems are limiting factors in Multiple sclerosis patients that can be improved due to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on balance function and Physiological Cost Index in patients with MS in Yazd city in 1394. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two stages...

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the validityand usefulness of scales and training programs for clinical staff toevaluate nerve signs as an initial response to stroke. We developeda stroke workshop, using the analysis, design, development,implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model method based oninstructional systems design theory.Methods:...

Although many educators help others to develop oral presentation skills, little research is available to direct the instructional design activities of these educators. In the present article an explorative study on university freshman is described, in which goal-setting, selfreflection, and several characteristics of the subjects during oral presentations were analysed. The research results emp...

background: considering the assumptions of cognitive load theory and using its reduction and optimization strategies in the design and development of instructional content is one of the main requirements for achieving effective learning. this study examined the effectiveness of instructional multimedia based on reducing the extraneous cognitive load in english language learning among nursing st...