In hydrothermal valorization of black liquor (BL) from the Kraft process, separation inorganic salts is pivotal to prevent them fouling downstream equipment such as reactors and for cost-efficient recycling into pulp cooking chemicals. this work, phase behavior present in BL was studied supercritical water conditions were optimized. A high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry study indica...

Ever-stringent environmental constraints dictate that future coal cleaning technologies be compatible with micron-size particles. For super-clean coal production, the degree of liberation needed to separate coal from mineral matter, including pyrite, requires grinding to 10 μm or below. In addition, large amounts of fine coal are discharged to refuse ponds because current coal cleaning technolo...

The diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys centrata centrata (Latreille), is a thoroughly aquatic turtle living in salt and brackish marshes and estuaries. From its habitat, it is obvious that this animal has to contend with various osmotic conditions. Bentley, Bretz & Schmidt-Nielsen (1967) and just recently Dunson (1969) have already investigated the problem of the salt and water balance in that sp...

Different strategies have been developed to ensure a better iodine supply for man. The most common one is the iodisation of salt, but since the application is voluntary, it has not been effective enough. There still is a mild to moderate deficiency in the iodine intake of man of about 30 % in Germany [2, 6, 8]. Another strategy to fight iodine deficiency is to supplement animal feed with iodine...

Cellulose derivatives (Figure 1) have many important commercial applications in the fiber, paper, membrane, polymer and paints industries. However, there are only a limited number of common solvents in which cellulose is soluble; solvents include, carbon disulfide, N,Ndimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAC/LiCl), concentrated inorganic salt (ZnCl/H2O, Ca(SCN)2/H2O) and mineral acids (H2SO4/H3...

Spectroscopic methods with nanoscale lateral resolution are becoming essential in the fields of physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and materials science. However, the lateral resolution of laser-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques has so far been limited to the microscale. This report presents the development of tip-enhanced ablation and ionization time-of-flight mass spectromet...