Different control strategies of bed temperature and moisture were investigated using various inlet air temperatures and air fluxes in both the ordinary packed bed bioreactor (without cooling water in the jacket) and the bioreactor with cooling water in jacket. The experiments were carried out within a 1-L solid-state packed bed bioreactor in which Aspergillus niger was cultivated on wheat bran....

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is potentially a valuable tool for simulating the dispersion of air contaminants in workrooms. However, CFD-estimated airflow and contaminant concentration patterns have not always shown good agreement with experimental results. Thus, understanding the factors affecting the accuracy of such simulations is critical for their successful application in occupation...

A heat pump system requires proper refrigerant charge amount. Once refrigerant is charged into a heat pump system, its charge amount is fixed. For this reason, prediction of optimal refrigerant charge amount is very important in order to yield best performance. Too low charge amount degrades capacity of heat pump. On the other hand, excessive charge amount decreases coefficient of performance (...

The concept of univentricular heart moved from hearts with only one ventricle connected with atria [double inlet ventricle or absent atrioventricular (AV) connection] to hearts not amenable to biventricular repair, namely hearts with two ventricles unable to sustain separately pulmonary and systemic circulations in sequence. In the latter definition, even hearts with one hypoplastic ventricle a...

Warm air supply is widely used to condition indoor environment in winter. It has been proved that stratum ventilation (SV), as a novel distribution, potentials be applied for heating. The outlet location may affect quality (IAQ) due interaction between thermal plumes from heat sources and room airflows. In this study, the effect of on IAQ SV was investigated 9 cases under heating mode. outlets ...

In this paper, a moving horizon state and parameter estimation (MHE) scheme for the Varicol process is presented. The Varicol process is an extension of the Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) process that realizes non-integer column distributions over the separation zones by an asynchronous switching of the inlet and outlet ports (the ports are shifted individually). These additional degrees of freedom...

A supersonic separator has been introduced to remove water vapour from natural gas. The mechanisms of the upstream and downstream influences are not well understood for various flow conditions from the wellhead and the back pipelines. We used a computational model to investigate the effect of the inlet and outlet flow conditions on the supersonic separation process. We found that the shock wave...