A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of benzaldehyde, a toxic oxidation product of the widely used preservative and co-solvent benzyl alcohol in injectable formulations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac, vitamin B-complex and Voltaren injection solutions by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography. This met...

chemotherapy medication errors may lead to potentially harmful consequences while most of them could be preventable. this study aims to determine the incidence and type of drug handling and administration errors among the nurses and to identify possible contributing factors. setting of the study was a teaching hospital affiliated to shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, iran. ...

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks, and hemicrania continua. While the majority responds to conventional pharmacological treatments, a small but significant proportion of patients are intractable to these treatments. In these cases, alternative choices for these patients include oral and i...

NEW DRUGS Rapid-Acting Clevidipine (Cleviprex) for Hypertension The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the intravenous (IV) injectable emulsion clevidipine buty rate (Cleviprex, The Medicines Company) to reduce blood pressure when oral therapy is not feasible or desirable. A calcium-channel blocker, clevidi pine is metabolized in the blood and tissues and does not accumulate i...

It has been five years since the editorial "Avoiding Common Flaws in Stability and Compatibility Studies of Injectable Drugs" appeared in the American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. In the ensuing period, it is our perception that important and noteworthy improvements in reports of such studies have become the standard rather than the exception. Nevertheless, there is still substantial room for ...

The oral route for drug delivery is regarded as the optimal route for achieving therapeutic benefits owing to increased patient compliance. Despite phenomenal advances in injectable, transdermal, nasal and other routes of administration, the reality is that oral drug delivery remains well ahead of the pack as the preferred delivery route. Nanocarriers can overcome the major challenges associate...

Due to an increase of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer, a rising number of patients require injectable drugs for self-administration. Prefilled syringes enable highly accurate dosing and decrease the exposure to potent products while, at the same time, they significantly reduce the danger of dosing errors and contribute to overall patient safety. As a result, the market for prefille...

INTRODUCTION Numerous testosterone (T) formulations are available, each with differing effects on serum parameters. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effects of topical, injectable, and implantable pellet T formulations in hypogonadal men. METHODS Retrospective review of hypogonadal men treated with a single T formulation was performed: 47 men on T gels, 57 on injectabl...

1Department of Pharmacology, Baqyyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Food and Drug Departments, 3Tehran; 4Kermanshah; 5Fars; 6Khozestan; 7Khorasan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Received: 18/09/02; accepted: 29/09/03 ABSTRACT Prescribing, dispensing, av...

Objectives The first cause of tooth loss in developed countries is periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontitis and it is characterized by loss of periodontal attachment, destruction of alveolar bone and eventual loss of teeth. Atorvastatin is a statin drug used for the treatment of high cholesterol. Statins can stop the inflammatory proc...