Abstract A universal stellar initial mass function (IMF) should not be expected from theoretical models of star formation, but little conclusive observational evidence for a variable IMF has been uncovered. In this paper, parameterization the is introduced into photometric template fitting COSMOS2015 catalog. The resulting best-fit templates suggest systematic variations in IMF, with most galax...

In the current study, a thermal model was used to investigate the effects of welding parameters on the distribution of temperature in wide gap aluminothermic rail welds. To solve the governing thermal equation, SUTCAST, a finite difference program (FDM) was employed while different aspects such as phase change and convective heat transfer in weld pool were taken into account in the numerical so...